Quran Study
All surahs Sign in

بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

The Divine Scriptures

3:2

ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلْحَىُّ ٱلْقَيُّومُ ۝٢

Allāh is the One besides Whom there is no god, the Ever-living, the Self-subsisting by whom all subsist.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:3

نَزَّلَ عَلَيْكَ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ بِٱلْحَقِّ مُصَدِّقًۭا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَأَنزَلَ ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةَ وَٱلْإِنجِيلَ ۝٣

He has revealed to you the Book, the Qur’ān, with truth, verifying the message which is in the scriptures before it. He had also revealed the Tawrāt and Injīl.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:4

مِن قَبْلُ هُدًۭى لِّلنَّاسِ وَأَنزَلَ ٱلْفُرْقَانَ ۗ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ بَِٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌۭ شَدِيدٌۭ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌۭ ذُو ٱنتِقَامٍ ۝٤

earlier as guidance for the people, and after that, He revealed the Furqān. Those who disbelieve in the revelation of Allāh, they shall have a severe chastisement. Allāh is Mighty, the Lord of retribution.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

Al-Furqān is one of the names of the Qur’ān and means “the separator between truth and falsity.” Being the last revelation of Allāh, the Qur’ān is the standard of truth for all other scriptures, books and ideas.

3:5

إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَخْفَىٰ عَلَيْهِ شَىْءٌۭ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَلَا فِى ٱلسَّمَآءِ ۝٥

Surely nothing in the earth or in the heaven is hidden from Allāh.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:6

هُوَ ٱلَّذِى يُصَوِّرُكُمْ فِى ٱلْأَرْحَامِ كَيْفَ يَشَآءُ ۚ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ ۝٦

He is the one who shapes you in the wombs as He likes; there is no god but He, the Mighty, the Wise.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

The Clear and the Allegorical Verses

3:7

هُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ عَلَيْكَ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ مِنْهُ ءَايَٰتٌۭ مُّحْكَمَٰتٌ هُنَّ أُمُّ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ وَأُخَرُ مُتَشَٰبِهَٰتٌۭ ۖ فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ زَيْغٌۭ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ مَا تَشَٰبَهَ مِنْهُ ٱبْتِغَآءَ ٱلْفِتْنَةِ وَٱبْتِغَآءَ تَأْوِيلِهِۦ ۗ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ تَأْوِيلَهُۥٓ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ ۗ وَٱلرَّٰسِخُونَ فِى ٱلْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ ءَامَنَّا بِهِۦ كُلٌّۭ مِّنْ عِندِ رَبِّنَا ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّآ أُو۟لُوا۟ ٱلْأَلْبَٰبِ ۝٧

Allāh is He who revealed the Book, the Qur’ān, to you. Some of its verses are clear (muḥkamāt), they are the basis of understanding the Book; and some other verses are allegorical (mutashābihāt). The mutashābihāt should always be interpreted in the light of the muḥkamāt. But the people in whose hearts is perversity, they just follow the allegorical verses, seeking distraction from the right path and seeking their own interpretation. None knows the interpretation of the mutashābihāt except Allāh and those who are firmly rooted in knowledge, who say, “We believe in the mutashābihat; all the verses of the Qur’ān, whether muḥkam or mutashābih, are from our Lord.” And none mind about the correct interpretation of the mutashābihāt except the people of understanding.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

The Prophet had repeatedly said that “I am leaving behind two precious things: the Book of Allāh and my family. As long as you hold on to them both you will never go astray.” There are quite a few aḥādīth that apply the term “those who are firmly rooted in knowledge” to the Prophet and the Imams of the Ahlu ’l-bayt. (See, for example, al-Kulayni, al-Kāfi [kitābu ‘l-ḥujjah], chp. 22, aḥādīth nos. 1-3.) Moreover, there is a universally accepted ḥadith : “I am the city of knowledge and ‘Ali is its gateway.”

3:8

رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا وَهَبْ لَنَا مِن لَّدُنكَ رَحْمَةً ۚ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ ٱلْوَهَّابُ ۝٨

The believers pray: Our Lord! Do not make our hearts deviate after You have guided us aright, and grant us mercy from Thee. You are surely the most liberal Giver.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:9

رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ جَامِعُ ٱلنَّاسِ لِيَوْمٍۢ لَّا رَيْبَ فِيهِ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُخْلِفُ ٱلْمِيعَادَ ۝٩

Our Lord! Surely You are the Gatherer of the people on a day about which there is no doubt. Surely Allāh does not fail to fulfill His promise.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:10

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَن تُغْنِىَ عَنْهُمْ أَمْوَٰلُهُمْ وَلَآ أَوْلَٰدُهُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ شَئًْۭا ۖ وَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمْ وَقُودُ ٱلنَّارِ ۝١٠

Those who disbelieve, surely neither their wealth nor their children shall ever avail them in the least against Allāh on the day of judgement—they indeed are the fuel of the Fire.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:11

كَدَأْبِ ءَالِ فِرْعَوْنَ وَٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ كَذَّبُوا۟ بَِٔايَٰتِنَا فَأَخَذَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِذُنُوبِهِمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ ۝١١

They are like the people of Fir’awn and those before them; they rejected Our revelations, so Allāh destroyed them on account of their sins. Allāh is severe in requiting evil.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:12

قُل لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ سَتُغْلَبُونَ وَتُحْشَرُونَ إِلَىٰ جَهَنَّمَ ۚ وَبِئْسَ ٱلْمِهَادُ ۝١٢

Say to those who disbelieve, “You shall be vanquished, and shall be driven to Hell—that is surely an evil resting-place.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

Badr — the First Victory of the Muslims

3:13

قَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ ءَايَةٌۭ فِى فِئَتَيْنِ ٱلْتَقَتَا ۖ فِئَةٌۭ تُقَٰتِلُ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَأُخْرَىٰ كَافِرَةٌۭ يَرَوْنَهُم مِّثْلَيْهِمْ رَأْىَ ٱلْعَيْنِ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ يُؤَيِّدُ بِنَصْرِهِۦ مَن يَشَآءُ ۗ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَعِبْرَةًۭ لِّأُو۟لِى ٱلْأَبْصَٰرِ ۝١٣

O Muslims! Indeed, there was a sign of Muḥammad’s truth for you in the two armies which met together in the encounter—one party fighting in the way of Allāh, and the other was of the unbelievers. With the help of Allāh with their own eyes— the unbelievers saw the believers twice as many as themselves. Allāh helps whom He pleases. In this victory of the smaller party over the larger one, there is surely a lesson for those who have inner sight. To be more in number is neither a proof of truth nor a guarantee for victory.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

Badr was the first battle between the unbelievers of Mecca and the Muslims. The Meccans were marching towards Madinah to fight the Muslims. When the Prophet was informed of their movement, he gathered 313 men and marched to encounter them. The Meccans had camped at Badr, a stream 80 miles from Madinah and 200 miles from Mecca. The army of the unbelievers of Mecca consisted of 1000 well-equipped warriors. Allāh helped the Muslims in their first significant armed struggle against the unbelievers, and in a short while, they defeated an army which was three times larger in number and well-equipped.

Love of this World

3:14

زُيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ حُبُّ ٱلشَّهَوَٰتِ مِنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ وَٱلْبَنِينَ وَٱلْقَنَٰطِيرِ ٱلْمُقَنطَرَةِ مِنَ ٱلذَّهَبِ وَٱلْفِضَّةِ وَٱلْخَيْلِ ٱلْمُسَوَّمَةِ وَٱلْأَنْعَٰمِ وَٱلْحَرْثِ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ مَتَٰعُ ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا ۖ وَٱللَّهُ عِندَهُۥ حُسْنُ ٱلْمََٔابِ ۝١٤

The love of desires of women, sons, hoarded treasures of gold and silver, well- bred horses, cattle and tilth, has been made to seem fair to people. All these are the provision of the worldly life, and with Allāh is the best destination.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:15

۞ قُلْ أَؤُنَبِّئُكُم بِخَيْرٍۢ مِّن ذَٰلِكُمْ ۚ لِلَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَوْا۟ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ جَنَّٰتٌۭ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا وَأَزْوَٰجٌۭ مُّطَهَّرَةٌۭ وَرِضْوَٰنٌۭ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بَصِيرٌۢ بِٱلْعِبَادِ ۝١٥

O My Messenger! Tell them, “Shall I inform you of what is better than these provisions of the worldly life for the pious one with their Lord? The gardens beneath which rivers flow, they shall abide in it; with them will be pure spouses and Allāh’s pleasure. Allāh sees the servants.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:16

ٱلَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّنَآ ءَامَنَّا فَٱغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا وَقِنَا عَذَابَ ٱلنَّارِ ۝١٦

The pious servants of Allāh are those who say, “Our Lord! We surely have believed in You, therefore forgive for us our sins and save us from the punishment of fire;”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:17

ٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ وَٱلصَّٰدِقِينَ وَٱلْقَٰنِتِينَ وَٱلْمُنفِقِينَ وَٱلْمُسْتَغْفِرِينَ بِٱلْأَسْحَارِ ۝١٧

and they are patient in trials of this world, truthful in their words and deals, obedient to Allāh and His Messenger, they spend their wealth in the way of Allāh and ask for forgiveness for their sins in the early mornings.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:18

شَهِدَ ٱللَّهُ أَنَّهُۥ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ وَأُو۟لُوا۟ ٱلْعِلْمِ قَآئِمًۢا بِٱلْقِسْطِ ۚ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ ۝١٨

Allāh bears witness that there is no god but He, and so do the angels and those who have knowledge; Allāh is the One who maintains His creatures with justice. There is no god but He, the Mighty, the Wise.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

Islam—the Only True Religion

3:19

إِنَّ ٱلدِّينَ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْإِسْلَٰمُ ۗ وَمَا ٱخْتَلَفَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَهُمُ ٱلْعِلْمُ بَغْيًۢا بَيْنَهُمْ ۗ وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بَِٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَرِيعُ ٱلْحِسَابِ ۝١٩

Surely the religion presently acceptable in the view of Allāh is Islam—it is God's final message sent through the Prophet Muḥammad. The people of the Book did not dispute about Islam but after the knowledge of Islam had come to them; they disputed out of envy among themselves. And whoever disbelieves in the revelations of Allāh, then he should know that Allāh is quick in reckoning.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:20

فَإِنْ حَآجُّوكَ فَقُلْ أَسْلَمْتُ وَجْهِىَ لِلَّهِ وَمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَنِ ۗ وَقُل لِّلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْأُمِّيِّۧنَ ءَأَسْلَمْتُمْ ۚ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُوا۟ فَقَدِ ٱهْتَدَوا۟ ۖ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ ٱلْبَلَٰغُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بَصِيرٌۢ بِٱلْعِبَادِ ۝٢٠

If they dispute with you, O Muḥammad, tell them, “I have submitted myself entirely to Allāh and so have those who follow me.” After declaring your faith, tell the Ahlu ‘l-kitāb and the polytheists, “Do you submit yourselves to Allāh?” If they submit themselves to Allāh, then they have indeed been guided aright; and if they turn away from Islam, then there is no sin on you because upon you is only the conveying of the message. Allāh sees the servants.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:21

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَكْفُرُونَ بَِٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَقْتُلُونَ ٱلنَّبِيِّۧنَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّۢ وَيَقْتُلُونَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَأْمُرُونَ بِٱلْقِسْطِ مِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ فَبَشِّرْهُم بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ۝٢١

As for the people like the Jews who disbelieve in the revelations of Allāh, kill the prophets without any justification and kill those among men who enjoin justice to them—let them know that there is a painful chastisement for them.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:22

أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَٰلُهُمْ فِى ٱلدُّنْيَا وَٱلَْٔاخِرَةِ وَمَا لَهُم مِّن نَّٰصِرِينَ ۝٢٢

They are the ones whose deeds shall become forfeit in this world as well as in the hereafter, and they shall have no helpers on the day of judgement.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:23

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ نَصِيبًۭا مِّنَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ يُدْعَوْنَ إِلَىٰ كِتَٰبِ ٱللَّهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّىٰ فَرِيقٌۭ مِّنْهُمْ وَهُم مُّعْرِضُونَ ۝٢٣

Don’t you know about the Jewish priests who were given a portion of the Book, the Tawrāt—when they are called by you to accept the same Book of Allāh as the judge between them and you, a group of them turn back, and they withdraw from such a fair discussion.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:24

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا۟ لَن تَمَسَّنَا ٱلنَّارُ إِلَّآ أَيَّامًۭا مَّعْدُودَٰتٍۢ ۖ وَغَرَّهُمْ فِى دِينِهِم مَّا كَانُوا۟ يَفْتَرُونَ ۝٢٤

In the depth of their hearts, they knew that they were wrong, but even then, they do this because they say, “The Fire shall not touch us but for a few days.” What they had forged in the Book of Allāh had deceived them in their religion.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:25

فَكَيْفَ إِذَا جَمَعْنَٰهُمْ لِيَوْمٍۢ لَّا رَيْبَ فِيهِ وَوُفِّيَتْ كُلُّ نَفْسٍۢ مَّا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ ۝٢٥

How will it be when We shall gather them together on a day about which there is no doubt, and on that day, every soul shall be fully paid what it has earned, and they shall not be dealt with unjustly.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:26

قُلِ ٱللَّهُمَّ مَٰلِكَ ٱلْمُلْكِ تُؤْتِى ٱلْمُلْكَ مَن تَشَآءُ وَتَنزِعُ ٱلْمُلْكَ مِمَّن تَشَآءُ وَتُعِزُّ مَن تَشَآءُ وَتُذِلُّ مَن تَشَآءُ ۖ بِيَدِكَ ٱلْخَيْرُ ۖ إِنَّكَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ قَدِيرٌۭ ۝٢٦

Say: O Allāh! The Master of the Kingdom. You give the kingdom to whomsoever You please and take away the kingdom from whomsoever You please. You exalt whom You please and abase whom You please. In Your hand is good, and You surely have power over all things.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:27

تُولِجُ ٱلَّيْلَ فِى ٱلنَّهَارِ وَتُولِجُ ٱلنَّهَارَ فِى ٱلَّيْلِ ۖ وَتُخْرِجُ ٱلْحَىَّ مِنَ ٱلْمَيِّتِ وَتُخْرِجُ ٱلْمَيِّتَ مِنَ ٱلْحَىِّ ۖ وَتَرْزُقُ مَن تَشَآءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍۢ ۝٢٧

You make the night to enter into the day and You make the day to enter into the night. You bring forth the living from the dead and You bring forth the dead from the living. You give sustenance to whom You please without measure.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

Friendship with the Unbelievers

3:28

لَّا يَتَّخِذِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۖ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَٰلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ فِى شَىْءٍ إِلَّآ أَن تَتَّقُوا۟ مِنْهُمْ تُقَىٰةًۭ ۗ وَيُحَذِّرُكُمُ ٱللَّهُ نَفْسَهُۥ ۗ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ ٱلْمَصِيرُ ۝٢٨

The believers should not take the unbelievers as intimate friends to the exclusion of the believers; and whoever does that and establishes such a relationship, he has absolutely nothing to do with Allāh. You should follow this order strictly except when you have to become their friend to guard yourselves against them out of fear. Allāh cautions you about Himself, and always remember that to Allāh is the eventual destination of all for judgement.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:29

قُلْ إِن تُخْفُوا۟ مَا فِى صُدُورِكُمْ أَوْ تُبْدُوهُ يَعْلَمْهُ ٱللَّهُ ۗ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ قَدِيرٌۭ ۝٢٩

O Muḥammad! Tell the believers that: “Whether you hide your feeling about the unbelievers in your hearts or manifest it, Allāh knows it. He knows whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. Allāh has power over all things.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:30

يَوْمَ تَجِدُ كُلُّ نَفْسٍۢ مَّا عَمِلَتْ مِنْ خَيْرٍۢ مُّحْضَرًۭا وَمَا عَمِلَتْ مِن سُوٓءٍۢ تَوَدُّ لَوْ أَنَّ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُۥٓ أَمَدًۢا بَعِيدًۭا ۗ وَيُحَذِّرُكُمُ ٱللَّهُ نَفْسَهُۥ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ رَءُوفٌۢ بِٱلْعِبَادِ ۝٣٠

Remember the day when every person shall find present whatever good he has done and whatever bad he has done; at that moment, he will wish that between him and his bad deeds there were a long duration of time. Allāh cautions you about Himself but also remember that Allāh is Compassionate to the servants who strive to do good.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

Obedience to the Prophet

3:31

قُلْ إِن كُنتُمْ تُحِبُّونَ ٱللَّهَ فَٱتَّبِعُونِى يُحْبِبْكُمُ ٱللَّهُ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ ۝٣١

O Muhammad, tell the believers, “If you love Allāh, then follow me; and if you follow me, Allāh will love you and forgive you your sins. Allāh is Forgiving, Merciful.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:32

قُلْ أَطِيعُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَٱلرَّسُولَ ۖ فَإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ ۝٣٢

Say, “Obey Allāh and the Messenger of Allāh; but if you turn away from their obedience, then surely Allāh does not love the unbelievers.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

‘Īsā—the Messenger of Allāh

3:33

۞ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ ٱصْطَفَىٰٓ ءَادَمَ وَنُوحًۭا وَءَالَ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَءَالَ عِمْرَٰنَ عَلَى ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝٣٣

Allāh has indeed chosen Ādam, Nūḥ, the family of Ibrāhīm and the family of ‘Imrān above the nations—S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:34

ذُرِّيَّةًۢ بَعْضُهَا مِنۢ بَعْضٍۢ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ۝٣٤

all of them are offspring, one being from the other. And Allāh is Hearing, Knowing.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:35

إِذْ قَالَتِ ٱمْرَأَتُ عِمْرَٰنَ رَبِّ إِنِّى نَذَرْتُ لَكَ مَا فِى بَطْنِى مُحَرَّرًۭا فَتَقَبَّلْ مِنِّىٓ ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلْعَلِيمُ ۝٣٥

And Remember when Hannah, the wife of ‘Imrān, said, “My Lord, I vow to dedicate the child who is in my womb to You for Your service, therefore accept it from me. Surely You are the Hearing, the Knowing.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:36

فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتْهَا قَالَتْ رَبِّ إِنِّى وَضَعْتُهَآ أُنثَىٰ وَٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا وَضَعَتْ وَلَيْسَ ٱلذَّكَرُ كَٱلْأُنثَىٰ ۖ وَإِنِّى سَمَّيْتُهَا مَرْيَمَ وَإِنِّىٓ أُعِيذُهَا بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهَا مِنَ ٱلشَّيْطَٰنِ ٱلرَّجِيمِ ۝٣٦

So when she gave birth to the daughter, she said, “My Lord! I have given birth to a female child. And Allāh knew what she bore, and the male is not like the female. I have named the child Maryam (Mary), and I commend her and her offspring into Your protection from the accursed Satan.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:37

فَتَقَبَّلَهَا رَبُّهَا بِقَبُولٍ حَسَنٍۢ وَأَنۢبَتَهَا نَبَاتًا حَسَنًۭا وَكَفَّلَهَا زَكَرِيَّا ۖ كُلَّمَا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا زَكَرِيَّا ٱلْمِحْرَابَ وَجَدَ عِندَهَا رِزْقًۭا ۖ قَالَ يَٰمَرْيَمُ أَنَّىٰ لَكِ هَٰذَا ۖ قَالَتْ هُوَ مِنْ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ ۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَرْزُقُ مَن يَشَآءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ ۝٣٧

So her Lord accepted her with a good acceptance and made her grow up a good growing. When her mother took Maryam to the Temple, the rabbis competed against one another to take her under their custody. At last, they agreed to cast the ballot. The ballot came in favour of Zakariyyā (Zechariah), a prophet of Allāh. And Allāh gave Maryam into the custody of Zakariyyā. Zakariyyā placed her in the innermost part of the Temple. Whenever Zakariyyā entered the Sanctuary to see Maryam, he found food with her, although no one else was allowed to enter that room. Therefore, he asked her, “O Maryam! From where does this food come to you?” She replied, “It is from Allāh. Surely Allāh gives subsistence to whom He pleases without measure.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:38

هُنَالِكَ دَعَا زَكَرِيَّا رَبَّهُۥ ۖ قَالَ رَبِّ هَبْ لِى مِن لَّدُنكَ ذُرِّيَّةًۭ طَيِّبَةً ۖ إِنَّكَ سَمِيعُ ٱلدُّعَآءِ ۝٣٨

Seeing a blessed child like Maryam rekindled the long-forgotten desire of Zakariyyā to have a child. Then Zakariyyā prayed to his Lord, saying, “My Lord! Grant me from Thee a good offspring, You surely hear all prayers.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:39

فَنَادَتْهُ ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ وَهُوَ قَآئِمٌۭ يُصَلِّى فِى ٱلْمِحْرَابِ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُبَشِّرُكَ بِيَحْيَىٰ مُصَدِّقًۢا بِكَلِمَةٍۢ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَسَيِّدًۭا وَحَصُورًۭا وَنَبِيًّۭا مِّنَ ٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ ۝٣٩

Then the angels said to him while he was praying in the Sanctuary, “Allāh gives you the good news of a son named Yaḥya (John) who will be the verifier of ‘a word of Allāh’ (i.e., ‘Isa), the honourable, the chaste and a prophet from among the good ones.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:40

قَالَ رَبِّ أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لِى غُلَٰمٌۭ وَقَدْ بَلَغَنِىَ ٱلْكِبَرُ وَٱمْرَأَتِى عَاقِرٌۭ ۖ قَالَ كَذَٰلِكَ ٱللَّهُ يَفْعَلُ مَا يَشَآءُ ۝٤٠

When Zakariyyā heard this good tiding, he said in astonishment, “My Lord, how can a son be born to me while old age has already come upon me and my wife is barren?” Allāh said, “So! Allāh does what He pleases!”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:41

قَالَ رَبِّ ٱجْعَل لِّىٓ ءَايَةًۭ ۖ قَالَ ءَايَتُكَ أَلَّا تُكَلِّمَ ٱلنَّاسَ ثَلَٰثَةَ أَيَّامٍ إِلَّا رَمْزًۭا ۗ وَٱذْكُر رَّبَّكَ كَثِيرًۭا وَسَبِّحْ بِٱلْعَشِىِّ وَٱلْإِبْكَٰرِ ۝٤١

He said, “My Lord, appoint a sign for me.” Allāh said, “Your sign is that you shall not be able to speak to the people for three days except by signs; and remember your Lord much and praise Him in the evening and the morning.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:42

وَإِذْ قَالَتِ ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ يَٰمَرْيَمُ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ ٱصْطَفَىٰكِ وَطَهَّرَكِ وَٱصْطَفَىٰكِ عَلَىٰ نِسَآءِ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝٤٢

And remember when the angels said, “O Maryam! Allāh has indeed chosen you from the family of the prophets, purified you and chosen you for the birth of ‘Isa over all the women of the world.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:43

يَٰمَرْيَمُ ٱقْنُتِى لِرَبِّكِ وَٱسْجُدِى وَٱرْكَعِى مَعَ ٱلرَّٰكِعِينَ ۝٤٣

O Maryam! Therefore, be obedient to your Lord, prostrate and bow down in prayers with those who bow down.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:44

ذَٰلِكَ مِنْ أَنۢبَآءِ ٱلْغَيْبِ نُوحِيهِ إِلَيْكَ ۚ وَمَا كُنتَ لَدَيْهِمْ إِذْ يُلْقُونَ أَقْلَٰمَهُمْ أَيُّهُمْ يَكْفُلُ مَرْيَمَ وَمَا كُنتَ لَدَيْهِمْ إِذْ يَخْتَصِمُونَ ۝٤٤

O Muḥammad! These are the news of the unseen (i.e., past) events which We reveal to you. You were not with the rabbis when they were casting their pens in streams to decide who will take the custody of Maryam, nor were you with them when they were contending one with another for her custody.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:45

إِذْ قَالَتِ ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ يَٰمَرْيَمُ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُبَشِّرُكِ بِكَلِمَةٍۢ مِّنْهُ ٱسْمُهُ ٱلْمَسِيحُ عِيسَى ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ وَجِيهًۭا فِى ٱلدُّنْيَا وَٱلَْٔاخِرَةِ وَمِنَ ٱلْمُقَرَّبِينَ ۝٤٥

When the angels said, “O Maryam! Surely Allāh gives you the good news of ‘a word from Him’, whose name is the Masīḥ, ‘Īsā son of Maryam, he is distinguished in this world and world and the hereafter, he is one of those who are nearer to Allāh,S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:46

وَيُكَلِّمُ ٱلنَّاسَ فِى ٱلْمَهْدِ وَكَهْلًۭا وَمِنَ ٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ ۝٤٦

he shall speak to the people while he will still be in the cradle and when he becomes of mature age, and he shall be one of the good servants of Allāh.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:47

قَالَتْ رَبِّ أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لِى وَلَدٌۭ وَلَمْ يَمْسَسْنِى بَشَرٌۭ ۖ قَالَ كَذَٰلِكِ ٱللَّهُ يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَآءُ ۚ إِذَا قَضَىٰٓ أَمْرًۭا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ ۝٤٧

﴿She said, “My Lord! How can there be a son for me while man has not yet touched me?” Allāh said, “So! Allāh creates what He pleases.” When He decrees a matter, He just says to it, “Be,” and it comes to existence.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:48

وَيُعَلِّمُهُ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْحِكْمَةَ وَٱلتَّوْرَىٰةَ وَٱلْإِنجِيلَ ۝٤٨

The angels said, “Allāh will teach him the Book, the wisdom, the Tawrāt and the Injīl.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:49

وَرَسُولًا إِلَىٰ بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ أَنِّى قَدْ جِئْتُكُم بَِٔايَةٍۢ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ ۖ أَنِّىٓ أَخْلُقُ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلطِّينِ كَهَئَْةِ ٱلطَّيْرِ فَأَنفُخُ فِيهِ فَيَكُونُ طَيْرًۢا بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ ۖ وَأُبْرِئُ ٱلْأَكْمَهَ وَٱلْأَبْرَصَ وَأُحْىِ ٱلْمَوْتَىٰ بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ ۖ وَأُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا تَأْكُلُونَ وَمَا تَدَّخِرُونَ فِى بُيُوتِكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لََٔايَةًۭ لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ۝٤٩

will send ‘Isa as a messenger to the children of Israel. When ‘Isa will go to the Israelites, he shall say, ‘I have come to you from your Lord with a proof of my truth: the proof is that I will make for you an image of the bird from clay, and then I will breathe into it, and it will become a flying bird by the will of Allāh. I have come with other signs also: I heal the blind and the lepers, bring the dead back to life with the will of Allāh and inform you of what you eat and what you hoard in your houses. In these miracles is a sign of my truth for you, if you are believers.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:50

وَمُصَدِّقًۭا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَىَّ مِنَ ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةِ وَلِأُحِلَّ لَكُم بَعْضَ ٱلَّذِى حُرِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ ۚ وَجِئْتُكُم بَِٔايَةٍۢ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ ۝٥٠

“‘I have come to you as a verifier of the Tawrāt (which was revealed before me), and I have come to allow you to use some of the things which had been forbidden to you in the previous laws. I have come to you with a sign from your Lord, therefore, fear displeasing Allāh and obey me.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:51

إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ رَبِّى وَرَبُّكُمْ فَٱعْبُدُوهُ ۗ هَٰذَا صِرَٰطٌۭ مُّسْتَقِيمٌۭ ۝٥١

Surely Allāh is my Lord and your Lord, therefore worship Him—this is the right path.’”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:52

۞ فَلَمَّآ أَحَسَّ عِيسَىٰ مِنْهُمُ ٱلْكُفْرَ قَالَ مَنْ أَنصَارِىٓ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ ۖ قَالَ ٱلْحَوَارِيُّونَ نَحْنُ أَنصَارُ ٱللَّهِ ءَامَنَّا بِٱللَّهِ وَٱشْهَدْ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ ۝٥٢

But when ‘Isa sensed their disbelief, he said, “Who will be my helpers in the way of Allāh?” The disciples said, “We are the helpers of the religion of Allāh, we believe in Allāh, and O ‘Īsā, be witness that we submit ourselves to Allāh.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:53

رَبَّنَآ ءَامَنَّا بِمَآ أَنزَلْتَ وَٱتَّبَعْنَا ٱلرَّسُولَ فَٱكْتُبْنَا مَعَ ٱلشَّٰهِدِينَ ۝٥٣

Our Lord! We have believed in what You revealed and we follow Your Messenger, so write our names among those who bear witness to ‘Īsā’s prophethood.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:54

وَمَكَرُوا۟ وَمَكَرَ ٱللَّهُ ۖ وَٱللَّهُ خَيْرُ ٱلْمَٰكِرِينَ ۝٥٤

Those Jews who disbelieved in ‘Isa, they deceived him by planning to get him killed, but Allāh planned to raise ‘Īsā unto Himself, and Allāh is the Best of the planners.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:55

إِذْ قَالَ ٱللَّهُ يَٰعِيسَىٰٓ إِنِّى مُتَوَفِّيكَ وَرَافِعُكَ إِلَىَّ وَمُطَهِّرُكَ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَجَاعِلُ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّبَعُوكَ فَوْقَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓا۟ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ ۖ ثُمَّ إِلَىَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ فِيمَا كُنتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ ۝٥٥

And O Muḥammad, remember when Allāh said, “O ‘Īsā! I am going to take you fully, to raise you unto Myself, and to purify you from accusations of those who disbelieved. I am going to place those who follow you above those who disbelieve till the day of resurrection. To me shall be the return of all of you, then I shall decide between you in the matters in which you differed with each other.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:56

فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ فَأُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًۭا شَدِيدًۭا فِى ٱلدُّنْيَا وَٱلَْٔاخِرَةِ وَمَا لَهُم مِّن نَّٰصِرِينَ ۝٥٦

As for those who disbelieve, I will punish them with severe chastisement in this world and the hereafter, and they shall have no helpers.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:57

وَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ فَيُوَفِّيهِمْ أُجُورَهُمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ۝٥٧

And as for those who believe and do good deeds, Allāh will pay them fully their rewards. Allāh does not love the unjust.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:58

ذَٰلِكَ نَتْلُوهُ عَلَيْكَ مِنَ ٱلَْٔايَٰتِ وَٱلذِّكْرِ ٱلْحَكِيمِ ۝٥٨

O Muḥammad! All these past events which We recite to you are the revelations and the wise reminder.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

The Malediction (Mubāhalah)

3:59

إِنَّ مَثَلَ عِيسَىٰ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ ءَادَمَ ۖ خَلَقَهُۥ مِن تُرَابٍۢ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ ۝٥٩

Surely the example of ‘Isa’s birth without a father, in the view of Allāh, is like the example of Adam’s creation without a father or mother Allāh created his image from clay and then said to it, “Be,” and he came to existence.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

The Christian tribe of Najrān of southern Arabia sent a delegation of fourteen members to meet the Prophet and learn more about him. At the meeting, they asked, “What is your opinion about Jesus?” The Prophet asked them to rest for a day and to come and see him the next day. On the next day, the following verse was revealed:

3:60

ٱلْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّكَ فَلَا تَكُن مِّنَ ٱلْمُمْتَرِينَ ۝٦٠

This is the truth from your Lord, so do not be one of the doubters.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:61

فَمَنْ حَآجَّكَ فِيهِ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَكَ مِنَ ٱلْعِلْمِ فَقُلْ تَعَالَوْا۟ نَدْعُ أَبْنَآءَنَا وَأَبْنَآءَكُمْ وَنِسَآءَنَا وَنِسَآءَكُمْ وَأَنفُسَنَا وَأَنفُسَكُمْ ثُمَّ نَبْتَهِلْ فَنَجْعَل لَّعْنَتَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَى ٱلْكَٰذِبِينَ ۝٦١

O Muḥammad! If they insist on their belief and dispute with you in this matter even after the knowledge has come to you, then say, “Come, Najranites, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves together, then let us beseech Allāh and invoke His curse upon the liars.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

But when the Najranite Christians refused to accept this logical argument, Allāh revealed the following verse:

3:62

إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَهُوَ ٱلْقَصَصُ ٱلْحَقُّ ۚ وَمَا مِنْ إِلَٰهٍ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ ۚ وَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ ۝٦٢

Most surely this is the true narration. There is no god but Allāh; and surely Allāh is the Mighty, the Wise.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

The next day the Prophet came out carrying Ḥusayn in his arms and with Ḥasan walking by his side holding his finger; behind him was Fāṭimah, and behind her was ‘Ali.¹ When the Najranite Christians saw the Prophet’s party, they backed away from the maledictory confrontation and agreed to pay jizyah.² This event is known as “mubāhalah—malediction,” it occurred on 24 Dhi l-hijjah, 9 A.H. 1. According to Jābir bin ‘Abdullāh al-Anṣāri, the word “sons” refers to Ḥasan and Ḥusayn, the word “women” refers to Fāṭimah, and the word “ourselves” refers to the Prophet and ‘Ali. See as-Suyūṭī, ad-Durru ‘l-Manthūr, vol. 2 (Beirut, n.d.) p. 38; al-Wāḥidi, Asbābu ‘n-Nuzūl, p. 75. 2.Jizyah is a head tax on the people of the Book living under the protection of an Islamic government. Jizyah is in place of the zakāt and other religious taxes that Muslims would be required to pay to the Islamic government.

3:63

فَإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلِيمٌۢ بِٱلْمُفْسِدِينَ ۝٦٣

If the Christians turn back after the clear signs have come to them, then surely Allāh knows the mischief-makers.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:64

قُلْ يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ تَعَالَوْا۟ إِلَىٰ كَلِمَةٍۢ سَوَآءٍۭ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ أَلَّا نَعْبُدَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهَ وَلَا نُشْرِكَ بِهِۦ شَئًْۭا وَلَا يَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُنَا بَعْضًا أَرْبَابًۭا مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ ۚ فَإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَقُولُوا۟ ٱشْهَدُوا۟ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ ۝٦٤

O Muḥammad say, “O People of the Book! Come to a common word between us and you: We should neither worship any god but Allāh, nor associate anything with Him, and some of us should not take others for lords besides Allāh.” But if they turn away from the Oneness of Allāh, then say, “Be witness that we are Muslims.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

Ibrāhīm—the True Muslim

3:65

يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لِمَ تُحَآجُّونَ فِىٓ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَتِ ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةُ وَٱلْإِنجِيلُ إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعْدِهِۦٓ ۚ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ ۝٦٥

O People of the Book! Why are you disputing among yourselves about Ibrāhīm because the Tawrat and the Injīl were not revealed but a long time after him—do you not then understand?S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

The Jews claimed that Ibrāhīm was a Jew, and the Christians claimed that he was a Christian.

3:66

هَٰٓأَنتُمْ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ حَٰجَجْتُمْ فِيمَا لَكُم بِهِۦ عِلْمٌۭ فَلِمَ تُحَآجُّونَ فِيمَا لَيْسَ لَكُم بِهِۦ عِلْمٌۭ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ۝٦٦

You there! You are the people who disputed among yourselves about ‘Isa’s prophethood and his ascension of which you had knowledge, why then do you dispute about a matter of which you have no knowledge at all? Allāh knows while you do not know.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:67

مَا كَانَ إِبْرَٰهِيمُ يَهُودِيًّۭا وَلَا نَصْرَانِيًّۭا وَلَٰكِن كَانَ حَنِيفًۭا مُّسْلِمًۭا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ ۝٦٧

The fact of the matter is that Ibrāhīm was neither a Jew nor a Christian, he was an upright Muslim, and he was surely not one of the polytheists.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:68

إِنَّ أَوْلَى ٱلنَّاسِ بِإِبْرَٰهِيمَ لَلَّذِينَ ٱتَّبَعُوهُ وَهَٰذَا ٱلنَّبِىُّ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ وَلِىُّ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۝٦٨

Surely the nearest of the people to Ibrāhīm are those who followed him, and this Prophet, and the believers. Allāh is the Guardian of the believers.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

The People of the Book

3:69

وَدَّت طَّآئِفَةٌۭ مِّنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لَوْ يُضِلُّونَكُمْ وَمَا يُضِلُّونَ إِلَّآ أَنفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ ۝٦٩

A group of the people of the Book wish to lead you astray, but they do not mislead anyone except themselves yet they do not perceive.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:70

يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لِمَ تَكْفُرُونَ بَِٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَأَنتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ ۝٧٠

O People of the Book! Why do you disbelieve in the revelation of Allāh while you witness it?S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:71

يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لِمَ تَلْبِسُونَ ٱلْحَقَّ بِٱلْبَٰطِلِ وَتَكْتُمُونَ ٱلْحَقَّ وَأَنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ۝٧١

O People of the Book! Why do you mix up the truth with the falsehood and hide the truth while you know?S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:72

وَقَالَت طَّآئِفَةٌۭ مِّنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ ءَامِنُوا۟ بِٱلَّذِىٓ أُنزِلَ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَجْهَ ٱلنَّهَارِ وَٱكْفُرُوٓا۟ ءَاخِرَهُۥ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ ۝٧٢

In order to weaken the Muslims’ belief and morale, a Jewish group from the people of the Book said to some of their followers: “Announce your belief in the religion which has been sent down to the believers in the mornings; but in the evenings, announce your rejection of it— hopefully, they, the Muslims, may return to disbelief.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:73

وَلَا تُؤْمِنُوٓا۟ إِلَّا لِمَن تَبِعَ دِينَكُمْ قُلْ إِنَّ ٱلْهُدَىٰ هُدَى ٱللَّهِ أَن يُؤْتَىٰٓ أَحَدٌۭ مِّثْلَ مَآ أُوتِيتُمْ أَوْ يُحَآجُّوكُمْ عِندَ رَبِّكُمْ ۗ قُلْ إِنَّ ٱلْفَضْلَ بِيَدِ ٱللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَن يَشَآءُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ وَٰسِعٌ عَلِيمٌۭ ۝٧٣

But in reality, you do not believe in anyone except in him who follows your Jewish religion.” O Muḥammad! tell them: “Surely the true guidance is the guidance of Allāh, and anyone may be given the blessings by Him like the ones which had been given to you, or He may even give others the guidance by which they may argue against you before your Lord on the day of judgement.” O Muḥammad, tell them, “The grace is surely in the hand of Allāh, He gives it to whomsoever He pleases. Allāh is Ample-giving, Knowing;S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:74

يَخْتَصُّ بِرَحْمَتِهِۦ مَن يَشَآءُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ ذُو ٱلْفَضْلِ ٱلْعَظِيمِ ۝٧٤

He specially chooses anyone whom He pleases for His mercy. And surely Allāh is the Lord of mighty grace.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:75

۞ وَمِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ مَنْ إِن تَأْمَنْهُ بِقِنطَارٍۢ يُؤَدِّهِۦٓ إِلَيْكَ وَمِنْهُم مَّنْ إِن تَأْمَنْهُ بِدِينَارٍۢ لَّا يُؤَدِّهِۦٓ إِلَيْكَ إِلَّا مَا دُمْتَ عَلَيْهِ قَآئِمًۭا ۗ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا۟ لَيْسَ عَلَيْنَا فِى ٱلْأُمِّيِّۧنَ سَبِيلٌۭ وَيَقُولُونَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ ٱلْكَذِبَ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ ۝٧٥

Among the people of the Book, there are some that if you entrust them with a heap of wealth, he will pay back to you. But some among them are such that if you entrust them with only a small amount like a dinār, they will not pay it back to you unless you demand from them constantly. They are not faithful to their trust because they say, “There is no blame on us in being unfaithful to those who are not the people of the Book.” They utter a lie against Allāh while they know that it is untrue.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:76

بَلَىٰ مَنْ أَوْفَىٰ بِعَهْدِهِۦ وَٱتَّقَىٰ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ ۝٧٦

Of course, whoever is faithful to his commitment and guards himself against breach of faith, he should know that verily Allāh loves those who guard themselves against displeasing Him.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:77

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ ٱللَّهِ وَأَيْمَٰنِهِمْ ثَمَنًۭا قَلِيلًا أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ لَا خَلَٰقَ لَهُمْ فِى ٱلَْٔاخِرَةِ وَلَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ ٱللَّهُ وَلَا يَنظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌۭ ۝٧٧

Those who ‘sell’ the covenant of Allāh and their oaths at a low price (i.e., for worldly gains), they shall have no share in blessings of the hereafter, neither shall Allāh speak to them nor shall He look mercifully upon them or purify them on the day of resurrection, and they shall have a painful chastisement.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:78

وَإِنَّ مِنْهُمْ لَفَرِيقًۭا يَلْوُۥنَ أَلْسِنَتَهُم بِٱلْكِتَٰبِ لِتَحْسَبُوهُ مِنَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ وَمَا هُوَ مِنَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ مِنْ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا هُوَ مِنْ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَقُولُونَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ ٱلْكَذِبَ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ ۝٧٨

There is a group among the Ahlul Kitāb who distort the Book while reciting it by twisting the words with their tongue so that you, the Muslims, may consider it to be a part of the Book while it is not from the Book. They even say that ‘it is from Allāh’, while it is not from Allāh—they knowingly utter a lie against Allāh.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:79

مَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُؤْتِيَهُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْحُكْمَ وَٱلنُّبُوَّةَ ثُمَّ يَقُولَ لِلنَّاسِ كُونُوا۟ عِبَادًۭا لِّى مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَٰكِن كُونُوا۟ رَبَّٰنِيِّۧنَ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تُعَلِّمُونَ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَبِمَا كُنتُمْ تَدْرُسُونَ ۝٧٩

It is not possible for a person whom Allāh has given the Book, the wisdom and prophethood to say to people: “Be my worshippers to the exclusion of Allāh.” Such a person would rather say, “Be godly (i.e., worshippers of Allāh) as you used to teach the Book to the people and read it yourselves.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:80

وَلَا يَأْمُرَكُمْ أَن تَتَّخِذُوا۟ ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةَ وَٱلنَّبِيِّۧنَ أَرْبَابًا ۗ أَيَأْمُرُكُم بِٱلْكُفْرِ بَعْدَ إِذْ أَنتُم مُّسْلِمُونَ ۝٨٠

Neither will he advise you to take the angels and the prophets for your lords. What! Can he advise you to disbelieve after you have become Muslims?!S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:81

وَإِذْ أَخَذَ ٱللَّهُ مِيثَٰقَ ٱلنَّبِيِّۧنَ لَمَآ ءَاتَيْتُكُم مِّن كِتَٰبٍۢ وَحِكْمَةٍۢ ثُمَّ جَآءَكُمْ رَسُولٌۭ مُّصَدِّقٌۭ لِّمَا مَعَكُمْ لَتُؤْمِنُنَّ بِهِۦ وَلَتَنصُرُنَّهُۥ ۚ قَالَ ءَأَقْرَرْتُمْ وَأَخَذْتُمْ عَلَىٰ ذَٰلِكُمْ إِصْرِى ۖ قَالُوٓا۟ أَقْرَرْنَا ۚ قَالَ فَٱشْهَدُوا۟ وَأَنَا۠ مَعَكُم مِّنَ ٱلشَّٰهِدِينَ ۝٨١

And remember when Allāh made the following covenant with the prophets: “I have certainly given to you the Book and the wisdom; so when My last messenger comes to you verifying the message which is with you, then you must believe in him, and you must help him by fore-telling your people about him.” Then Allāh said, “Do you agree and accept My covenant in this matter?” All the prophets said, “We agree.” Allāh said, “Then bear witness to your acceptance, I too am one of the witnesses with you.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:82

فَمَن تَوَلَّىٰ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْفَٰسِقُونَ ۝٨٢

Whoever, therefore, turns back after this covenant, then they are surely the transgressors.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:83

أَفَغَيْرَ دِينِ ٱللَّهِ يَبْغُونَ وَلَهُۥٓ أَسْلَمَ مَن فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ طَوْعًۭا وَكَرْهًۭا وَإِلَيْهِ يُرْجَعُونَ ۝٨٣

Do they wish to follow a religion other than the religion of Allāh, whereas everything in the heaven and the earth submits to Him, willingly or unwillingly, and to Allāh shall they be returned.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:84

قُلْ ءَامَنَّا بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ عَلَيْنَا وَمَآ أُنزِلَ عَلَىٰٓ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَإِسْمَٰعِيلَ وَإِسْحَٰقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَٱلْأَسْبَاطِ وَمَآ أُوتِىَ مُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰ وَٱلنَّبِيُّونَ مِن رَّبِّهِمْ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍۢ مِّنْهُمْ وَنَحْنُ لَهُۥ مُسْلِمُونَ ۝٨٤

Say: We believe in Allāh and the religion that was sent to us and in the religion that was sent to Ibrāhīm, Ismā’īl, Isḥāq, Ya’qūb and the tribes, and in the Books that were given to Musa ‘Īsā and the other prophets from their Lord— we do not make any distinction between any of them in their truth, and to Him we submit ourselves (Muslims).S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:85

وَمَن يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ ٱلْإِسْلَٰمِ دِينًۭا فَلَن يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ فِى ٱلَْٔاخِرَةِ مِنَ ٱلْخَٰسِرِينَ ۝٨٥

Whoever wishes to follow a religion other than Islam, he should know that it shall not be accepted from him, and in the hereafter, he shall be one of the losers.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:86

كَيْفَ يَهْدِى ٱللَّهُ قَوْمًۭا كَفَرُوا۟ بَعْدَ إِيمَٰنِهِمْ وَشَهِدُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱلرَّسُولَ حَقٌّۭ وَجَآءَهُمُ ٱلْبَيِّنَٰتُ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِى ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ۝٨٦

How can Allāh, again and again, guide those who have disbelieved after their belief, after they bore witness that the Messenger is true and after clear arguments had come to them! Allāh does not guide the unjust people.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:87

أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ جَزَآؤُهُمْ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةَ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ وَٱلنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ ۝٨٧

The punishment of such people is that upon them is the curse of Allāh, of the angels and of the people all together—S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:88

خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا لَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ ٱلْعَذَابُ وَلَا هُمْ يُنظَرُونَ ۝٨٨

they will remain under the curse for ever and neither their chastisement shall be lightened for them nor shall they be respited.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:89

إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ تَابُوا۟ مِنۢ بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ وَأَصْلَحُوا۟ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌ ۝٨٩

This will be the punishment of such people except those of them who repent after this and amend their wrong- doings, then Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:90

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ بَعْدَ إِيمَٰنِهِمْ ثُمَّ ٱزْدَادُوا۟ كُفْرًۭا لَّن تُقْبَلَ تَوْبَتُهُمْ وَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلضَّآلُّونَ ۝٩٠

Those who disbelieve after their belief and then sink more and more into disbelief, their repentance will never be accepted and they are the ones who have gone astray.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:91

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَمَاتُوا۟ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌۭ فَلَن يُقْبَلَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِم مِّلْءُ ٱلْأَرْضِ ذَهَبًۭا وَلَوِ ٱفْتَدَىٰ بِهِۦٓ ۗ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌۭ وَمَا لَهُم مِّن نَّٰصِرِينَ ۝٩١

Those who disbelieve and die while they still are unbelievers, even the earth full of gold shall not be accepted from any of them if they try to offer it in compensation. They shall have a painful chastisement, and they shall have no helpers in the hereafter.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:92

لَن تَنَالُوا۟ ٱلْبِرَّ حَتَّىٰ تُنفِقُوا۟ مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ ۚ وَمَا تُنفِقُوا۟ مِن شَىْءٍۢ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٌۭ ۝٩٢

You shall never attain the perfect standard of righteousness until you spend in charity from the wealth that you love; and whatever you spend, Allāh surely knows it.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:93

۞ كُلُّ ٱلطَّعَامِ كَانَ حِلًّۭا لِّبَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلُ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِۦ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تُنَزَّلَ ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةُ ۗ قُلْ فَأْتُوا۟ بِٱلتَّوْرَىٰةِ فَٱتْلُوهَآ إِن كُنتُمْ صَٰدِقِينَ ۝٩٣

The Jews considered their scriptures as the most ancient revelations. They also believed that whatever was prohibited in their books was also prohibited by all the previous prophets. When Islam permitted the use of camel’s meat and milk, the Jews (who did not permit their use) claimed that if the Muslims were truly the followers of Ibrāhīm, then they should also abstain from the meat and milk of camel. To refute this assumption, Allāh says, “Before the Tawrāt was revealed, all the food was lawful for the children of Israel; the only exception among them was Ya‘qūb (also known as Israel), who had ‘forbidden’ the use of camel’s meat for himself because of some personal reason. To this, the Qur’ān says: Except that which Israel had forbidden to himself before the Tawrāt was revealed. O Muḥammad! Say “Bring the Tawrāt and read it, if you are truthful?”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:94

فَمَنِ ٱفْتَرَىٰ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ ٱلْكَذِبَ مِنۢ بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ ۝٩٤

Whoever ascribes a lie to Allāh after this by saying that the previous prophets had also forbidden those things, they are the unjust ones.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:95

قُلْ صَدَقَ ٱللَّهُ ۗ فَٱتَّبِعُوا۟ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ حَنِيفًۭا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ ۝٩٥

Say, “Allāh has spoken the truth, therefore follow the upright religion of Ibrāhĩm; and he was surely not one of the polytheists.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

The Ka‘bah and Ḥajj

3:96

إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَيْتٍۢ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِى بِبَكَّةَ مُبَارَكًۭا وَهُدًۭى لِّلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝٩٦

Surely the first House that was erected for the people is the one at Bacca (Mecca); it is blessed and a means of guidance for the whole world.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:97

فِيهِ ءَايَٰتٌۢ بَيِّنَٰتٌۭ مَّقَامُ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ ۖ وَمَن دَخَلَهُۥ كَانَ ءَامِنًۭا ۗ وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ حِجُّ ٱلْبَيْتِ مَنِ ٱسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًۭا ۚ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَنِىٌّ عَنِ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝٩٧

In that House are clear signs of Allāh such as the Maqām of Ibrāhĩm, the Black Stone, the Hijr of Ismā’ĩl, etc. Whoever enters that House shall be secure; even the animals cannot be harmed inside the limits of the Masjidu ’l-Ḥarām (the Sacred Mosque). Allāh has a right upon the people that they go on pilgrimage (ḥajj) to the House: this duty is for one who can physically and financially afford the journey to it. And whoever neglects the obligation of ḥajj, he should know that it is to his detriment because Allāh is free from the need of the people.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

The Mischief of the People of the Book

3:98

قُلْ يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لِمَ تَكْفُرُونَ بَِٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱللَّهُ شَهِيدٌ عَلَىٰ مَا تَعْمَلُونَ ۝٩٨

Say, “O People of the Book! Why do you disbelieve in the revelations of Allāh. Allāh is witness to what you do.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

Even though the truth of Prophet Muḥammad had become clear for the people of the Book, they still didn’t believe in him and started instigating the Muslims to leave their religion. They even approached the two tribes of Madinah—Aws and Khazraj, who were bitter enemies of one another before Islam. It was Islam which created the bond of brotherhood among them. The people of the Book began to inspire one tribe against the other by reminding them of their past enmity. Then came the revelation from Allāh:

3:99

قُلْ يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لِمَ تَصُدُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ مَنْ ءَامَنَ تَبْغُونَهَا عِوَجًۭا وَأَنتُمْ شُهَدَآءُ ۗ وَمَا ٱللَّهُ بِغَٰفِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ ۝٩٩

Say, “O People of the Book! Why do you prevent the believers from the way of Allāh? You wish to make the upright way crooked, while you are witnesses to its uprightness. Surely Allāh is not at all heedless of what you do.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:100

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِن تُطِيعُوا۟ فَرِيقًۭا مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ يَرُدُّوكُم بَعْدَ إِيمَٰنِكُمْ كَٰفِرِينَ ۝١٠٠

O You who believe! If you obey a group from the Ahlu ‘l-Kitāb who actively seek to defeat Islam, they will turn you back as unbelievers after you have believed.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:101

وَكَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ وَأَنتُمْ تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ ءَايَٰتُ ٱللَّهِ وَفِيكُمْ رَسُولُهُۥ ۗ وَمَن يَعْتَصِم بِٱللَّهِ فَقَدْ هُدِىَ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطٍۢ مُّسْتَقِيمٍۢ ۝١٠١

But how can you disbelieve while you are the ones to whom the revelation of Allāh is recited and among you is His messenger? Whoever seeks refuge with Allāh, he indeed is guided to the right path.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:102

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِۦ وَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنتُم مُّسْلِمُونَ ۝١٠٢

O You who believe! Guard yourselves against displeasing Allāh as He should be rightly feared by fulfilling your duties towards Him and your fellow human beings, and do not die unless you are MuslimsS. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:103

وَٱعْتَصِمُوا۟ بِحَبْلِ ٱللَّهِ جَمِيعًۭا وَلَا تَفَرَّقُوا۟ ۚ وَٱذْكُرُوا۟ نِعْمَتَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنتُمْ أَعْدَآءًۭ فَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُم بِنِعْمَتِهِۦٓ إِخْوَٰنًۭا وَكُنتُمْ عَلَىٰ شَفَا حُفْرَةٍۢ مِّنَ ٱلنَّارِ فَأَنقَذَكُم مِّنْهَا ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ ۝١٠٣

and hold fast to the ‘rope’ (i.e., the religion) of Allāh all together and do not be divided. And, O people of Aws and Khazraj, remember the favour of Allāh upon you—you were enemies, then He united your hearts and thus you became brethren by the favour of Allāh; and remember you were on the brink of the fire, then He saved you from it. Thus, does Allāh make clear to you His signs so that you may be rightly guided.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:104

وَلْتَكُن مِّنكُمْ أُمَّةٌۭ يَدْعُونَ إِلَى ٱلْخَيْرِ وَيَأْمُرُونَ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ ٱلْمُنكَرِ ۚ وَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُفْلِحُونَ ۝١٠٤

There should be among you, O believers, a group of the learned and sincere persons who should be calling the people towards goodness, commanding the right and forbidding the evil— they are the successful ones.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:105

وَلَا تَكُونُوا۟ كَٱلَّذِينَ تَفَرَّقُوا۟ وَٱخْتَلَفُوا۟ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَهُمُ ٱلْبَيِّنَٰتُ ۚ وَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌۭ ۝١٠٥

Do not be like those Jews and Christians who became divided and disagreed after clear proofs had come to them, and for them is a grievous chastisementS. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:106

يَوْمَ تَبْيَضُّ وُجُوهٌۭ وَتَسْوَدُّ وُجُوهٌۭ ۚ فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ٱسْوَدَّتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ أَكَفَرْتُم بَعْدَ إِيمَٰنِكُمْ فَذُوقُوا۟ ٱلْعَذَابَ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَكْفُرُونَ ۝١٠٦

on the day of resurrection when some faces shall turn joyful, and some faces shall turn sad. The disgraced people will be told, “Did you disbelieve after your faith? Then taste the chastisement because of your disbelieving.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:107

وَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ٱبْيَضَّتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ فَفِى رَحْمَةِ ٱللَّهِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَٰلِدُونَ ۝١٠٧

As for those whose faces turn joyful, they shall be in Allāh’s mercy— and they shall remain in the state forever.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:108

تِلْكَ ءَايَٰتُ ٱللَّهِ نَتْلُوهَا عَلَيْكَ بِٱلْحَقِّ ۗ وَمَا ٱللَّهُ يُرِيدُ ظُلْمًۭا لِّلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝١٠٨

O Muḥammad, these promises and threats are the revelations of Allāh which We recite to you with truth, and Allāh does not desire any injustice to the creatures; He doesn’t desire injustice for anyone because He is free from want:S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:109

وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرْجَعُ ٱلْأُمُورُ ۝١٠٩

whatever is in the heavens and the earth belongs to Allāh, and to Allāh all things return.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:110

كُنتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ تَأْمُرُونَ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ ٱلْمُنكَرِ وَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ ۗ وَلَوْ ءَامَنَ أَهْلُ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لَكَانَ خَيْرًۭا لَّهُم ۚ مِّنْهُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَأَكْثَرُهُمُ ٱلْفَٰسِقُونَ ۝١١٠

You are the best of the nations raised up for the benefit of the people—you command what is right, forbid what is evil and believe in Allāh. If the people of the Book had believed, it would have been better for them—of them, some are believers, but most of them are transgressors.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:111

لَن يَضُرُّوكُمْ إِلَّآ أَذًۭى ۖ وَإِن يُقَٰتِلُوكُمْ يُوَلُّوكُمُ ٱلْأَدْبَارَ ثُمَّ لَا يُنصَرُونَ ۝١١١

O Muḥammad! The Jews shall by no means harm you but slightly; and if they fight alongside the Meccan polytheists against you, they shall turn their backs to you in retreat; and when they will plan to harm you, they shall not be helped even by their Meccan allies.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:112

ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلذِّلَّةُ أَيْنَ مَا ثُقِفُوٓا۟ إِلَّا بِحَبْلٍۢ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَحَبْلٍۢ مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِ وَبَآءُو بِغَضَبٍۢ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْمَسْكَنَةُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ يَكْفُرُونَ بَِٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَقْتُلُونَ ٱلْأَنۢبِيَآءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّۢ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوا۟ وَّكَانُوا۟ يَعْتَدُونَ ۝١١٢

Wherever they are found, humiliation is imposed upon them, except when they seek refuge by the covenant of Allāh and the covenant of men—again and again, they become deserving of Allāh’s wrath, and thus misery was imposed upon them because of were disbelieving in Allāh’s revelations and killing the prophets without any justification. This imposition of humility and misery was because they disobeyed Allāh and exceeded the limits.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:113

۞ لَيْسُوا۟ سَوَآءًۭ ۗ مِّنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ أُمَّةٌۭ قَآئِمَةٌۭ يَتْلُونَ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ ءَانَآءَ ٱلَّيْلِ وَهُمْ يَسْجُدُونَ ۝١١٣

Not all the people of the Book are alike. Among the people of the Book, there is an upright group (like ‘Abdullāh bin Salām and others) who had become Muslims; they recite the revelation of Allāh by moments of the night, they prostrate to Allāh,S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:114

يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلَْٔاخِرِ وَيَأْمُرُونَ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ ٱلْمُنكَرِ وَيُسَٰرِعُونَ فِى ٱلْخَيْرَٰتِ وَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ مِنَ ٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ ۝١١٤

they believe in Allāh and the last day, they command what is right and forbid what is evil, and they compete with each other in hastening to do good deeds—those are among the good ones.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:115

وَمَا يَفْعَلُوا۟ مِنْ خَيْرٍۢ فَلَن يُكْفَرُوهُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌۢ بِٱلْمُتَّقِينَ ۝١١٥

Whatever good they do, they shall not be denied its reward. Allāh knows those who guard themselves against displeasing Him.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:116

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَن تُغْنِىَ عَنْهُمْ أَمْوَٰلُهُمْ وَلَآ أَوْلَٰدُهُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ شَئًْۭا ۖ وَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ أَصْحَٰبُ ٱلنَّارِ ۚ هُمْ فِيهَا خَٰلِدُونَ ۝١١٦

Those who disbelieve, surely neither their wealth nor their children shall ever avail them in the least on the day of judgement against Allāh; and they are the inmates of the Fire, therein they shall abide.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:117

مَثَلُ مَا يُنفِقُونَ فِى هَٰذِهِ ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا كَمَثَلِ رِيحٍۢ فِيهَا صِرٌّ أَصَابَتْ حَرْثَ قَوْمٍۢ ظَلَمُوٓا۟ أَنفُسَهُمْ فَأَهْلَكَتْهُ ۚ وَمَا ظَلَمَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ وَلَٰكِنْ أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ ۝١١٧

The likeness of what they spend in charity in this present life is the likeness of wind in which is intense cold which smites upon the farm (of those who have been unjust to themselves by disbelieving) and destroys it. Allāh is not unjust to them, rather they are unjust to themselves.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

Trusting the Hostile Unbelievers

3:118

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تَتَّخِذُوا۟ بِطَانَةًۭ مِّن دُونِكُمْ لَا يَأْلُونَكُمْ خَبَالًۭا وَدُّوا۟ مَا عَنِتُّمْ قَدْ بَدَتِ ٱلْبَغْضَآءُ مِنْ أَفْوَٰهِهِمْ وَمَا تُخْفِى صُدُورُهُمْ أَكْبَرُ ۚ قَدْ بَيَّنَّا لَكُمُ ٱلَْٔايَٰتِ ۖ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ ۝١١٨

O you who believe! Do not take anyone for intimate friends other than your own Muslim brothers—the hostile unbelievers will leave no efforts to confuse and corrupt you; they love whatever distresses you the most. Vehement hatred has already appeared from their mouths, and the hatred that their hearts conceal is still greater than what they have expressed on their lips. We have made the signs and the dangers of trusting the unbelievers clear to you, if you will understand.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:119

هَٰٓأَنتُمْ أُو۟لَآءِ تُحِبُّونَهُمْ وَلَا يُحِبُّونَكُمْ وَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱلْكِتَٰبِ كُلِّهِۦ وَإِذَا لَقُوكُمْ قَالُوٓا۟ ءَامَنَّا وَإِذَا خَلَوْا۟ عَضُّوا۟ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْأَنَامِلَ مِنَ ٱلْغَيْظِ ۚ قُلْ مُوتُوا۟ بِغَيْظِكُمْ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلِيمٌۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ ۝١١٩

Lo! Look at you. You love the unbelievers while they do not love you, and you believe in the entire Book while they do not believe. When they meet you, they say, “We believe,” and when they are alone with their own people, they bite their fingertips in rage against you. Say, “Die in your rage;” surely Allāh knows what is in their hearts.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:120

إِن تَمْسَسْكُمْ حَسَنَةٌۭ تَسُؤْهُمْ وَإِن تُصِبْكُمْ سَيِّئَةٌۭ يَفْرَحُوا۟ بِهَا ۖ وَإِن تَصْبِرُوا۟ وَتَتَّقُوا۟ لَا يَضُرُّكُمْ كَيْدُهُمْ شَئًْا ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطٌۭ ۝١٢٠

If any good befalls you, it grieves the unbelievers, and if an evil afflicts you, they rejoice at it. If you are patient in response to their hatred and guard yourselves against evil, their scheme will not harm you in any way. Allāh surely comprehends what they do.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

The Battle of Uḥud (1)

3:121

وَإِذْ غَدَوْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ تُبَوِّئُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَقَٰعِدَ لِلْقِتَالِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ۝١٢١

O Muḥammad! Remember when you left your family early in the morning to prepare the believers for the battle positions at Uḥud. Allāh is Hearing, Knowing. Prophet Muḥammad marched out with a thousand men. On the way, three hundred hypocrites (under the leadership of ‘Abdullāh bin ‘Ubay) deserted the Muslims, and the Prophet was left with only seven hundred men. The hypocrites even tried to instigate the two tribes of Banu Salimah and Banu Ḥārithah to desert the Muslims.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

The chagrin and fury of the Quraysh of Mecca at their defeat in the battle of Badr were unlimited. They started preparations for another attack on the Muslims. Their forces consisted of three thousand well-equipped soldiers under the command of Abu Sufyān. They marched towards Madinah and occupied a vantage position near the hills of Uḥud, only three miles from Madinah. The following verses narrate the event of Uḥud.

3:122

إِذْ هَمَّت طَّآئِفَتَانِ مِنكُمْ أَن تَفْشَلَا وَٱللَّهُ وَلِيُّهُمَا ۗ وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ ۝١٢٢

O Muḥammad! Remember when two tribes from among you (Banu Salimah and Banu Ḥārithah) were on the point of losing courage and deserting the believers, but then they remained firm on the right path as Allāh was their Guardian. And so on, Allāh should the believers place their trust.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:123

وَلَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِبَدْرٍۢ وَأَنتُمْ أَذِلَّةٌۭ ۖ فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ ۝١٢٣

Allāh had certainly helped you in the previous battle at Badr while you were weak and few. So, guard yourselves against displeasing Allāh; you may thank Him because He will remove the fear of everything from your hearts.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:124

إِذْ تَقُولُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَلَن يَكْفِيَكُمْ أَن يُمِدَّكُمْ رَبُّكُم بِثَلَٰثَةِ ءَالَٰفٍۢ مِّنَ ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ مُنزَلِينَ ۝١٢٤

O Muḥammad! Remember when you were saying to the believers: “Does it not suffice you that your Lord should help with three thousand angels to be sent down.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:125

بَلَىٰٓ ۚ إِن تَصْبِرُوا۟ وَتَتَّقُوا۟ وَيَأْتُوكُم مِّن فَوْرِهِمْ هَٰذَا يُمْدِدْكُمْ رَبُّكُم بِخَمْسَةِ ءَالَٰفٍۢ مِّنَ ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ مُسَوِّمِينَ ۝١٢٥

Of course! Allāh is sufficient for you. If you remain patient and guard yourselves against evil then even if the unbelievers come upon you instantly today and take you by surprise, your Lord will help you with five thousand of the angels singled out for this task.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:126

وَمَا جَعَلَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِلَّا بُشْرَىٰ لَكُمْ وَلِتَطْمَئِنَّ قُلُوبُكُم بِهِۦ ۗ وَمَا ٱلنَّصْرُ إِلَّا مِنْ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْعَزِيزِ ٱلْحَكِيمِ ۝١٢٦

Allāh helped you just to make it good news for you and to make your hearts calm thereby. And victory is only from Allāh, the Mighty, the Wise.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:127

لِيَقْطَعَ طَرَفًۭا مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓا۟ أَوْ يَكْبِتَهُمْ فَيَنقَلِبُوا۟ خَآئِبِينَ ۝١٢٧

Allāh helped you so that He may decrease a group of those who disbelieve or abase them so that they should return to their homes disappointed of attaining what they had desired.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:128

لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ ٱلْأَمْرِ شَىْءٌ أَوْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَوْ يُعَذِّبَهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ ظَٰلِمُونَ ۝١٢٨

You have no concern in the affairs of these unbelievers whether Allāh turns to them mercifully or punishes them, for surely they are unjust.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:129

وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ يَغْفِرُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ ۝١٢٩

Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth is Allāh’s. He forgives whom He pleases and punishes whom He pleases. Allāh is Forgiving, Merciful.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

The Pious People

3:130

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تَأْكُلُوا۟ ٱلرِّبَوٰٓا۟ أَضْعَٰفًۭا مُّضَٰعَفَةًۭ ۖ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ ۝١٣٠

O you who believe! Do not devour usury, making it double and more, and guard yourselves against displeasing Allāh—so that you may be successful.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:131

وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱلنَّارَ ٱلَّتِىٓ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَٰفِرِينَ ۝١٣١

Guard yourselves against the Fire which has been prepared for the unbelievers.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:132

وَأَطِيعُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَٱلرَّسُولَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ ۝١٣٢

Obey Allāh and the Messenger; by obeying them, you may be shown mercy.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:133

۞ وَسَارِعُوٓا۟ إِلَىٰ مَغْفِرَةٍۢ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَجَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتُ وَٱلْأَرْضُ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ ۝١٣٣

Hasten to forgiveness from your Lord, and the Garden (whose width is equal to that of the heavens and the earth) which has been prepared for the pious ˗who guard themselves against displeasing Allāh˗S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:134

ٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ فِى ٱلسَّرَّآءِ وَٱلضَّرَّآءِ وَٱلْكَٰظِمِينَ ٱلْغَيْظَ وَٱلْعَافِينَ عَنِ ٱلنَّاسِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ ۝١٣٤

those: who spend benevolently in good and bad days; restrain their anger and pardon the people. Allāh loves those who do good to others;S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:135

وَٱلَّذِينَ إِذَا فَعَلُوا۟ فَٰحِشَةً أَوْ ظَلَمُوٓا۟ أَنفُسَهُمْ ذَكَرُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ فَٱسْتَغْفَرُوا۟ لِذُنُوبِهِمْ وَمَن يَغْفِرُ ٱلذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ وَلَمْ يُصِرُّوا۟ عَلَىٰ مَا فَعَلُوا۟ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ ۝١٣٥

those who (whenever they commit an indecency or do injustice to themselves) remember Allāh and ask forgiveness for their sins—and who forgives the sins except for Allāh? They do not knowingly persist in the sins which they have committed;S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:136

أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ جَزَآؤُهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌۭ مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ وَجَنَّٰتٌۭ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ وَنِعْمَ أَجْرُ ٱلْعَٰمِلِينَ ۝١٣٦

they are the ones whose reward is forgiveness from their Lord and gardens beneath which rivers flow—they shall abide in it. What an excellent reward it is for the good doers.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:137

قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ سُنَنٌۭ فَسِيرُوا۟ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ فَٱنظُرُوا۟ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَٰقِبَةُ ٱلْمُكَذِّبِينَ ۝١٣٧

Surely in human history many events of good and bad nations have taken place before you, therefore travel in the world, observe the past and remains of their civilizations and see what was the eventual outcome of those who rejected the messengers of Allāh.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:138

هَٰذَا بَيَانٌۭ لِّلنَّاسِ وَهُدًۭى وَمَوْعِظَةٌۭ لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ ۝١٣٨

This is a clear statement for people and a guidance and an admonition for the pious who guard themselves against displeasing Allāh.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

The Battle of Uḥud (2)

3:139

وَلَا تَهِنُوا۟ وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا۟ وَأَنتُمُ ٱلْأَعْلَوْنَ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ۝١٣٩

O Muslims! Now do not feel weak for jihād and do not grieve after this unfortunate defeat which you brought upon yourselves. You shall eventually have the upper hand if you are believers.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

After reaching Uḥud, the Prophet took up his position below the hill. The army arrayed in fighting formations. Fifty archers were posted, under the command of ‘Abdullāh ibn Jubayr, at a pass between the hills to guard the Muslim army against any attack from the rear. They had strict orders not to vacate their post, no matter the outcome of the battle.
When the fight began, the Meccan unbelievers were defeated by the Muslims. Having suffered a heavy toll, the enemy fell back in disorder, and the Muslims started gathering booties.
Thinking that the fight was over, most of the archers guarding the hill passage left their posts to gather the spoils of war even against the orders of their commander ‘Abdullāh ibn Jubayr. Khālid bin Walĩd, one of the commanders of the Meccan army, was fleeing when he saw such an opportunity and, gathering a group of men, they attacked the hill passage. After killing ‘Abdullāh ibn Jubayr and the remaining few of his men, Khālid bin Walĩd’s group launched a furious attack from the rear. The Muslims were taken by so much surprise that they did not know what to do. In the general melee, their ranks became disorganized. The retreating Meccan forces rallied again and launched a fresh onslaught from the front. Mu‘sab bin ‘Umayr, the Muslim standard bearer, who bore a great facial resemblance to the Prophet, was killed. Up went a cry that the Prophet had been killed. This threw the Muslims into further confusion and dismay. Many prominent companions fled towards the mountain; only a few courageous believers entered the thick of the Meccan ranks, determined to fight to their last breath.¹ This fight continued till Ka‘b ibn Mālik saw the Prophet and shouted at the top of his voice that the Prophet was still alive. The spirit of the Muslims revived, but the Prophet now became the chief target of the Meccan forces. ‘Ali bin Abi Ṭālib, and later a few other companions who had not fled away, protected the Prophet from all sides. After some furious fighting, the Muslims managed to retreat to the security of the heights of mount Uḥud. And thus, with victory almost within their reach, the Muslims suffered a heavy blow.
1.Al-Wāqidi, Kitābu 'l-Maghāzi, vol. 1 (London: Oxford University Press, 1966) pp. 277, 280, 295.

3:140

إِن يَمْسَسْكُمْ قَرْحٌۭ فَقَدْ مَسَّ ٱلْقَوْمَ قَرْحٌۭ مِّثْلُهُۥ ۚ وَتِلْكَ ٱلْأَيَّامُ نُدَاوِلُهَا بَيْنَ ٱلنَّاسِ وَلِيَعْلَمَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَيَتَّخِذَ مِنكُمْ شُهَدَآءَ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ۝١٤٠

If a wound has afflicted you at Uḥud, a similar wound had afflicted the unbelieving people at Badr. We bring these days of victory and defeat to people by turns so that Allāh may expose those who believe (and take witnesses from among you; Allāh does not love the unjust),S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:141

وَلِيُمَحِّصَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَيَمْحَقَ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ ۝١٤١

and so that He may put the believers to test and destroy the unbelievers.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:142

أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَن تَدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَعْلَمِ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ جَٰهَدُوا۟ مِنكُمْ وَيَعْلَمَ ٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ ۝١٤٢

O Muslims! Do you think that you will enter the Garden while Allāh has not yet tested those who fight from among you in the way of Allah and those who are patient?S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:143

وَلَقَدْ كُنتُمْ تَمَنَّوْنَ ٱلْمَوْتَ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَلْقَوْهُ فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ وَأَنتُمْ تَنظُرُونَ ۝١٤٣

After the battle of Badr, when the Prophet explained the high rank of the martyrs, many of you used to express the desire for death by way of martyrdom before you met death. Now in the battle of Uḥud, you have seen death, but you still are only looking at it! Your desire was only words without any sincerity.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:144

وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌۭ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِ ٱلرُّسُلُ ۚ أَفَإِي۟ن مَّاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ ٱنقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَىٰٓ أَعْقَٰبِكُمْ ۚ وَمَن يَنقَلِبْ عَلَىٰ عَقِبَيْهِ فَلَن يَضُرَّ ٱللَّهَ شَئًْۭا ۗ وَسَيَجْزِى ٱللَّهُ ٱلشَّٰكِرِينَ ۝١٤٤

O Muslims! Muḥammad is only a Messenger of Allāh, many messengers have passed away before him. If he dies or is killed in a battle, will you then turn back upon your heels like those who fled from Uḥud?! Whoever turns back upon his heels, he shall by no means harm Allāh in the least. And those who are firm on the religion even at times of trial (like ‘Alī and others), they thank Allāh for helping them in being firm—and Allāh will reward the grateful ones.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:145

وَمَا كَانَ لِنَفْسٍ أَن تَمُوتَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ كِتَٰبًۭا مُّؤَجَّلًۭا ۗ وَمَن يُرِدْ ثَوَابَ ٱلدُّنْيَا نُؤْتِهِۦ مِنْهَا وَمَن يُرِدْ ثَوَابَ ٱلَْٔاخِرَةِ نُؤْتِهِۦ مِنْهَا ۚ وَسَنَجْزِى ٱلشَّٰكِرِينَ ۝١٤٥

No one will die but with the permission of Allāh—death comes at a fixed time by Him. And so whoever desires the reward of this world (like those who abandoned their posts on the hill passage), We shall give him of it; and whoever desires the reward of the hereafter (like those who stayed firm to the end), We shall give him of it; and We shall reward the grateful ones.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:146

وَكَأَيِّن مِّن نَّبِىٍّۢ قَٰتَلَ مَعَهُۥ رِبِّيُّونَ كَثِيرٌۭ فَمَا وَهَنُوا۟ لِمَآ أَصَابَهُمْ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا ضَعُفُوا۟ وَمَا ٱسْتَكَانُوا۟ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ يُحِبُّ ٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ ۝١٤٦

How many a prophet has fought against the unbelievers while with him were many godly men—they did not lose heart because what befell them in Allāh’s way, nor did they weaken in their faith, nor did they abase themselves. Allāh loves patient people.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:147

وَمَا كَانَ قَوْلَهُمْ إِلَّآ أَن قَالُوا۟ رَبَّنَا ٱغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا وَإِسْرَافَنَا فِىٓ أَمْرِنَا وَثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَنَا وَٱنصُرْنَا عَلَى ٱلْقَوْمِ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ ۝١٤٧

Their saying was no other than that they said: “Our Lord! Forgive us our sins and our offences in our affairs, make firm our feet on the right path and help us against the unbelieving people.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:148

فََٔاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ ثَوَابَ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَحُسْنَ ثَوَابِ ٱلَْٔاخِرَةِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ ۝١٤٨

So Allāh gave them the reward of this world and the better reward of the hereafter. Allāh loves those who do good to others.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:149

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِن تُطِيعُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ يَرُدُّوكُمْ عَلَىٰٓ أَعْقَٰبِكُمْ فَتَنقَلِبُوا۟ خَٰسِرِينَ ۝١٤٩

O you who believe! If you obey the unbelieving hypocrites (such as those who tried to mislead the tribes of Banu Salimah and Banu Ḥārithah), they will turn you back upon your heels—and if you turn back, you will surely turn back as losers.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:150

بَلِ ٱللَّهُ مَوْلَىٰكُمْ ۖ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ ٱلنَّٰصِرِينَ ۝١٥٠

Nay! Don’t do so; rather obey Allāh, who is your Master. Allāh is the best of the helpers.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:151

سَنُلْقِى فِى قُلُوبِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ ٱلرُّعْبَ بِمَآ أَشْرَكُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ مَا لَمْ يُنَزِّلْ بِهِۦ سُلْطَٰنًۭا ۖ وَمَأْوَىٰهُمُ ٱلنَّارُ ۚ وَبِئْسَ مَثْوَى ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ۝١٥١

O Muslims! Do not worry, We shall shortly cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve because they set up partners for Allāh about whom He has not sent down any authority. The unbelievers’ abode is the Fire, and evil is the abode of the unjust ones.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:152

وَلَقَدْ صَدَقَكُمُ ٱللَّهُ وَعْدَهُۥٓ إِذْ تَحُسُّونَهُم بِإِذْنِهِۦ ۖ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا فَشِلْتُمْ وَتَنَٰزَعْتُمْ فِى ٱلْأَمْرِ وَعَصَيْتُم مِّنۢ بَعْدِ مَآ أَرَىٰكُم مَّا تُحِبُّونَ ۚ مِنكُم مَّن يُرِيدُ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَمِنكُم مَّن يُرِيدُ ٱلَْٔاخِرَةَ ۚ ثُمَّ صَرَفَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ لِيَبْتَلِيَكُمْ ۖ وَلَقَدْ عَفَا عَنكُمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۝١٥٢

Certainly Allāh fulfilled His promise of casting terror into the hearts of the unbelievers on the day of the battle of Uḥud when you slew them in the first attack by His help. This help continued as promised until you became faint-hearted for the love of the booty and disputed with your commander about the order of retaining your posts on the hill passage—you disobeyed after Allāh had shown you the victory that you loved. Among you were some who desired this world (like the archers who deserted their posts) and some others among you desired the hereafter (like ‘Abdullāh bin Jubayr and those who fought up to their last breath). Even after this disobedience, Allāh turned you away from them so that He may try you in your defeat. After knowing that you were regretful for your wrongdoings, Allāh certainly pardoned you, and He is surely Gracious to the believers.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:153

۞ إِذْ تُصْعِدُونَ وَلَا تَلْوُۥنَ عَلَىٰٓ أَحَدٍۢ وَٱلرَّسُولُ يَدْعُوكُمْ فِىٓ أُخْرَىٰكُمْ فَأَثَٰبَكُمْ غَمًّۢا بِغَمٍّۢ لِّكَيْلَا تَحْزَنُوا۟ عَلَىٰ مَا فَاتَكُمْ وَلَا مَآ أَصَٰبَكُمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ خَبِيرٌۢ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ ۝١٥٣

O Muslims! Remember when you ran off swiftly on the hills and did not wait for anyone. You should be ashamed that you ran away while the Messenger of Allāh was calling you from the rear. And thus, Allāh gave you the sorrow of defeat in place of the sorrow of losing the booties so that you may not grieve at what had escaped you, nor at what befell upon you. Allāh is aware of what you do.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:154

ثُمَّ أَنزَلَ عَلَيْكُم مِّنۢ بَعْدِ ٱلْغَمِّ أَمَنَةًۭ نُّعَاسًۭا يَغْشَىٰ طَآئِفَةًۭ مِّنكُمْ ۖ وَطَآئِفَةٌۭ قَدْ أَهَمَّتْهُمْ أَنفُسُهُمْ يَظُنُّونَ بِٱللَّهِ غَيْرَ ٱلْحَقِّ ظَنَّ ٱلْجَٰهِلِيَّةِ ۖ يَقُولُونَ هَل لَّنَا مِنَ ٱلْأَمْرِ مِن شَىْءٍۢ ۗ قُلْ إِنَّ ٱلْأَمْرَ كُلَّهُۥ لِلَّهِ ۗ يُخْفُونَ فِىٓ أَنفُسِهِم مَّا لَا يُبْدُونَ لَكَ ۖ يَقُولُونَ لَوْ كَانَ لَنَا مِنَ ٱلْأَمْرِ شَىْءٌۭ مَّا قُتِلْنَا هَٰهُنَا ۗ قُل لَّوْ كُنتُمْ فِى بُيُوتِكُمْ لَبَرَزَ ٱلَّذِينَ كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْقَتْلُ إِلَىٰ مَضَاجِعِهِمْ ۖ وَلِيَبْتَلِىَ ٱللَّهُ مَا فِى صُدُورِكُمْ وَلِيُمَحِّصَ مَا فِى قُلُوبِكُمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ ۝١٥٤

Then after the sorrow of defeat, He sent down upon you a calm peace and tranquility which covered a group of believers among you. There also was another group among you whom their souls had filled with anxiety; they entertained jāhiliyyah thoughts about Allāh quite unjustly. They were saying, “Do we have any part of the issue of the help and victory which the Prophet promised us?” O Muḥammad! Say, “Surely the issue of victory or defeat is wholly in the hands of Allāh.” They conceal in their hearts some doubts (about your promise) which they would not express to you. So, O My messenger, know that in secret they say, “Had we had any part of the promised help, we would not have been slain even if we remained here inside Madinah.” O Muḥammad! Say to them, “If you had remained in your houses, those of you who were decreed to be slain would have certainly gone to the battleground. But Allāh decided to take all of you out of Madinah so that He may expose the thoughts that were in your minds and so that He may test the faith that is in your hearts. Allāh knows what is in the minds.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

Al-Jāhiliyyah refers to the pre-Islamic era and it means disbelief.

3:155

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا۟ مِنكُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْتَقَى ٱلْجَمْعَانِ إِنَّمَا ٱسْتَزَلَّهُمُ ٱلشَّيْطَٰنُ بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا۟ ۖ وَلَقَدْ عَفَا ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌۭ ۝١٥٥

And remember those of you who turned back on the day when the two armies met at Uḥud; the Shayṭān had sought to make them slip from the straight path because of what they had done by leaving their posts on the hill passage and by deserting the Prophet. But Allāh has pardoned them; surely He is Forgiving and Forbearing.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:156

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تَكُونُوا۟ كَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَقَالُوا۟ لِإِخْوَٰنِهِمْ إِذَا ضَرَبُوا۟ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ أَوْ كَانُوا۟ غُزًّۭى لَّوْ كَانُوا۟ عِندَنَا مَا مَاتُوا۟ وَمَا قُتِلُوا۟ لِيَجْعَلَ ٱللَّهُ ذَٰلِكَ حَسْرَةًۭ فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ يُحْىِۦ وَيُمِيتُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌۭ ۝١٥٦

O You who believe! Do not be like those who disbelieve and who say about their brethren (who had died while they were travelling in the earth or engaged in fighting): “Had they been with us, they would not have died and they would not have been slain.” So Allāh made that wish of theirs into an intense sorrow in their hearts. Allāh gives life and causes death, and He sees what you do.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:157

وَلَئِن قُتِلْتُمْ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ أَوْ مُتُّمْ لَمَغْفِرَةٌۭ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرَحْمَةٌ خَيْرٌۭ مِّمَّا يَجْمَعُونَ ۝١٥٧

If you are slain in the way of Allāh or you die, then surely Allāh’s forgiveness and mercy are better than what you amass in your lifetime.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:158

وَلَئِن مُّتُّمْ أَوْ قُتِلْتُمْ لَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُحْشَرُونَ ۝١٥٨

And in any case, whether you die a natural death or you are slain, you will certainly be gathered unto Allāh on the day of judgement.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:159

فَبِمَا رَحْمَةٍۢ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ لِنتَ لَهُمْ ۖ وَلَوْ كُنتَ فَظًّا غَلِيظَ ٱلْقَلْبِ لَٱنفَضُّوا۟ مِنْ حَوْلِكَ ۖ فَٱعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَٱسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِى ٱلْأَمْرِ ۖ فَإِذَا عَزَمْتَ فَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُتَوَكِّلِينَ ۝١٥٩

It is due to Allāh’s mercy that you, O Muḥammad, deal with the Muslims gently; and had you been rough, rude and hard-hearted, they would certainly have dispersed from around you. Therefore, pardon them in the matters that are in your hands and ask Allāh’s forgiveness for them in what is exclusively in Allāh’s hand. O Muḥammad! Consult them in the matters of applying the laws, and once you have decided on their best application, then trust in Allāh and act upon it. Allāh loves those who trust Him.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:160

إِن يَنصُرْكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فَلَا غَالِبَ لَكُمْ ۖ وَإِن يَخْذُلْكُمْ فَمَن ذَا ٱلَّذِى يَنصُرُكُم مِّنۢ بَعْدِهِۦ ۗ وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ ۝١٦٠

If Allāh helps you, then none can overcome you. And if He abandons you, then who can assist you after Him? So, the believers should only trust in Allāh.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:161

وَمَا كَانَ لِنَبِىٍّ أَن يَغُلَّ ۚ وَمَن يَغْلُلْ يَأْتِ بِمَا غَلَّ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ ۚ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّىٰ كُلُّ نَفْسٍۢ مَّا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ ۝١٦١

In the booty the Muslims had gained at the battle of Badr, there was a piece of red cloth. Afterwards, that piece disappeared, and someone accused the Prophet, may Allāh forbid, of taking it. It is not possible for a prophet to act unfaithfully in taking something from the booty. Whoever acts unfaithfully in such matters, on the day of judgement, he shall bring with himself whatever he earned unfaithfully; and then everyone shall be paid back fully what they had earned, and they shall not be dealt with unjustly.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:162

أَفَمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَ رِضْوَٰنَ ٱللَّهِ كَمَنۢ بَآءَ بِسَخَطٍۢ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَمَأْوَىٰهُ جَهَنَّمُ ۚ وَبِئْسَ ٱلْمَصِيرُ ۝١٦٢

Can one who pursues the pleasure of Allāh be like him who has brought upon himself Allāh’s displeasure? No, never. The latter’s abode is hell—it is surely an evil destination.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:163

هُمْ دَرَجَٰتٌ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بَصِيرٌۢ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ ۝١٦٣

People are of diverse ranks with Allāh—He sees what they do.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:164

لَقَدْ مَنَّ ٱللَّهُ عَلَى ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ بَعَثَ فِيهِمْ رَسُولًۭا مِّنْ أَنفُسِهِمْ يَتْلُوا۟ عَلَيْهِمْ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْحِكْمَةَ وَإِن كَانُوا۟ مِن قَبْلُ لَفِى ضَلَٰلٍۢ مُّبِينٍ ۝١٦٤

Certainly Allāh was gracious to the believers when He raised among them a messenger like Muḥammad from among themselves who recites to them His revelations, purifies them and teaches them the Book and the wisdom, while before that they were surely in manifest error.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:165

أَوَلَمَّآ أَصَٰبَتْكُم مُّصِيبَةٌۭ قَدْ أَصَبْتُم مِّثْلَيْهَا قُلْتُمْ أَنَّىٰ هَٰذَا ۖ قُلْ هُوَ مِنْ عِندِ أَنفُسِكُمْ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ قَدِيرٌۭ ۝١٦٥

What! When a misfortune befell you in the battle of Uḥud —although in the battle of Badr you had afflicted the unbelievers with twice as much— you said, “Whence is this misfortune? Where is Allāh’s promised help?!” O Muḥammad! Say, “This misfortune is from yourselves, you disobeyed the orders of the Prophet in greed of the booty, and so you suffered the consequences of your disobedience.” Surely Allāh has power over all things.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:166

وَمَآ أَصَٰبَكُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْتَقَى ٱلْجَمْعَانِ فَبِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِيَعْلَمَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۝١٦٦

And what befell upon you on the day when the two armies met at Uḥud was with Allāh’s permission; the misfortune had befallen the Muslims so that Allāh may expose the sincere believers,S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:167

وَلِيَعْلَمَ ٱلَّذِينَ نَافَقُوا۟ ۚ وَقِيلَ لَهُمْ تَعَالَوْا۟ قَٰتِلُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ أَوِ ٱدْفَعُوا۟ ۖ قَالُوا۟ لَوْ نَعْلَمُ قِتَالًۭا لَّٱتَّبَعْنَٰكُمْ ۗ هُمْ لِلْكُفْرِ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَقْرَبُ مِنْهُمْ لِلْإِيمَٰنِ ۚ يَقُولُونَ بِأَفْوَٰهِهِم مَّا لَيْسَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَكْتُمُونَ ۝١٦٧

and so that He may expose those who act hypocritically. And when the hypocrites were told: “Come and fight in the way of Allāh or at the least come and defend yourselves and the Muslims.” But they said, “If we knew how to fight, we would surely have followed you in this jihad.” On that day, these hypocrites were much nearer to unbelief than to belief; they express with their mouths the belief which is not in their hearts, and Allāh knows best what they conceal.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:168

ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوا۟ لِإِخْوَٰنِهِمْ وَقَعَدُوا۟ لَوْ أَطَاعُونَا مَا قُتِلُوا۟ ۗ قُلْ فَٱدْرَءُوا۟ عَنْ أَنفُسِكُمُ ٱلْمَوْتَ إِن كُنتُمْ صَٰدِقِينَ ۝١٦٨

These hypocrites are those who stayed back from jihad and remarked about their martyred brethren, “If they had obeyed us and refrained from going to jihād, they would not have been killed.” Say, O Muḥammad, “If you think that by sitting at home you can escape death, then avert it from yourselves if you are truthful.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:169

وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ أَمْوَٰتًۢا ۚ بَلْ أَحْيَآءٌ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ يُرْزَقُونَ ۝١٦٩

Do not think of those who are slain in the way of Allāh as dead; nay, rather they are alive in the real sense—they are with their Lord and are provided sustenance by Him;S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:170

فَرِحِينَ بِمَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِۦ وَيَسْتَبْشِرُونَ بِٱلَّذِينَ لَمْ يَلْحَقُوا۟ بِهِم مِّنْ خَلْفِهِمْ أَلَّا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ ۝١٧٠

they are rejoicing for what Allāh has given them out of His grace, and they also rejoice for those of their brethren who were left behind them and have not yet joined them in the honour of martyrdom that they shall have no fear nor shall they grieve;S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:171

۞ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ بِنِعْمَةٍۢ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَفَضْلٍۢ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۝١٧١

they rejoice because of the favour and grace of Allāh—and verily Allāh does not waste the reward of the believers.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:172

ٱلَّذِينَ ٱسْتَجَابُوا۟ لِلَّهِ وَٱلرَّسُولِ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَآ أَصَابَهُمُ ٱلْقَرْحُ ۚ لِلَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُوا۟ مِنْهُمْ وَٱتَّقَوْا۟ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ ۝١٧٢

While retreating to Mecca, Abu Sufyān bribed a traveller, Na’īm bin Mas’ũd, to inform the Prophet that the Meccans were assembling a great force to attack Madinah again. Hearing this, the Prophet at once took with him only those seventy Muslims who were wounded in the battle and went out to pursue the Meccan forces. Those who responded to the call of Allāh and His messenger to further pursue the retreating enemy even after the wound had befallen them, they should know that those among them who do good to others and guard themselves against displeasing Allāh shall have a great reward.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:173

ٱلَّذِينَ قَالَ لَهُمُ ٱلنَّاسُ إِنَّ ٱلنَّاسَ قَدْ جَمَعُوا۟ لَكُمْ فَٱخْشَوْهُمْ فَزَادَهُمْ إِيمَٰنًۭا وَقَالُوا۟ حَسْبُنَا ٱللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ ٱلْوَكِيلُ ۝١٧٣

The believers are those to whom the people (i.e., Naʻĩm bin Masʻũd) said, “The people (i.e., the army of Mecca) has gathered against you to attack you again, therefore fear them.” But this tactic of the Meccans failed, rather this increased the believers’ faith and they said, “Allah is sufficient for us and He is the excellent Defender.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:174

فَٱنقَلَبُوا۟ بِنِعْمَةٍۢ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَفَضْلٍۢ لَّمْ يَمْسَسْهُمْ سُوٓءٌۭ وَٱتَّبَعُوا۟ رِضْوَٰنَ ٱللَّهِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَظِيمٍ ۝١٧٤

After staying for three days at Ḥamrau ‘l-Asad when they did not find any trace of the Meccans, the believers returned to Madinah with the blessing and grace of Allāh while no evil had touched them. In this pursuit, they were seeking the pleasure of Allāh; Allah is the Lord of mighty grace.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:175

إِنَّمَا ذَٰلِكُمُ ٱلشَّيْطَٰنُ يُخَوِّفُ أَوْلِيَآءَهُۥ فَلَا تَخَافُوهُمْ وَخَافُونِ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ۝١٧٥

It is only the Shayṭān who creates fear in the hearts of his friends (like those who refused to go with the Prophet); therefore, do not fear the unbelievers, rather fear Me if you are believers.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:176

وَلَا يَحْزُنكَ ٱلَّذِينَ يُسَٰرِعُونَ فِى ٱلْكُفْرِ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ لَن يَضُرُّوا۟ ٱللَّهَ شَئًْۭا ۗ يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ أَلَّا يَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ حَظًّۭا فِى ٱلَْٔاخِرَةِ ۖ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ ۝١٧٦

O Muḥammad! Do not be grieved by those who fall into disbelief hastily—they can never do any harm to Allāh. Allāh has given them respite in this world as He intends not to give them any share of the blessings of the hereafter, and they shall have a grievous chastisement.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:177

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱشْتَرَوُا۟ ٱلْكُفْرَ بِٱلْإِيمَٰنِ لَن يَضُرُّوا۟ ٱللَّهَ شَئًْۭا وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌۭ ۝١٧٧

Once again, I repeat that those who have bought disbelief at the price of faith shall never harm Allāh in any way, and they shall have a painful chastisement.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:178

وَلَا يَحْسَبَنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓا۟ أَنَّمَا نُمْلِى لَهُمْ خَيْرٌۭ لِّأَنفُسِهِمْ ۚ إِنَّمَا نُمْلِى لَهُمْ لِيَزْدَادُوٓا۟ إِثْمًۭا ۚ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌۭ مُّهِينٌۭ ۝١٧٨

Those who disbelieve should not think that the respite that We are granting them is for their good, rather We grant them respite so that they may eventually increase in sins and accordingly they shall deserve a more disgraceful chastisement.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:179

مَّا كَانَ ٱللَّهُ لِيَذَرَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَىٰ مَآ أَنتُمْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّىٰ يَمِيزَ ٱلْخَبِيثَ مِنَ ٱلطَّيِّبِ ۗ وَمَا كَانَ ٱللَّهُ لِيُطْلِعَكُمْ عَلَى ٱلْغَيْبِ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَجْتَبِى مِن رُّسُلِهِۦ مَن يَشَآءُ ۖ فََٔامِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِۦ ۚ وَإِن تُؤْمِنُوا۟ وَتَتَّقُوا۟ فَلَكُمْ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌۭ ۝١٧٩

Allāh will not leave the believers in the state in which you are (i.e., a state in which the hypocrites haven't been clearly distinguished from the believers) until He separates the wicked ones from the good ones; nor is Allāh going to disclose to you the unseen, i.e. their hypocrisy. Of course, Allāh chooses from His messengers whomever He pleases and discloses the secrets to him. So, believe in Allāh and His messengers; and if you believe and guard yourselves against displeasing Allah, then you shall have a great reward.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

On Miserliness

3:180

وَلَا يَحْسَبَنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ بِمَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِۦ هُوَ خَيْرًۭا لَّهُم ۖ بَلْ هُوَ شَرٌّۭ لَّهُمْ ۖ سَيُطَوَّقُونَ مَا بَخِلُوا۟ بِهِۦ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ ۗ وَلِلَّهِ مِيرَٰثُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌۭ ۝١٨٠

Those who are miserly in paying charity (from the wealth which Allāh has given them out of His grace) should not think that miserliness is good for them. Nay! It is worse for them; the wealth which they had been miserly of shall shortly be made to cleave to their necks like chains on the day of resurrection. Allāh’s is the heritage of the heavens and the earth, so why are you being miser in giving charity in the way of Allāh? Allāh is aware of what you do.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:181

لَّقَدْ سَمِعَ ٱللَّهُ قَوْلَ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوٓا۟ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ فَقِيرٌۭ وَنَحْنُ أَغْنِيَآءُ ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا۟ وَقَتْلَهُمُ ٱلْأَنۢبِيَآءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّۢ وَنَقُولُ ذُوقُوا۟ عَذَابَ ٱلْحَرِيقِ ۝١٨١

Allāh has certainly heard the saying of those Jews who said, “Surely Allāh is poor, and we are rich.” We shall record what they said and their sin of killing the prophets without any justification. On the day of judgement We shall send them to hell and say, “Taste the chastisement of the burning fire.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:182

ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلَّامٍۢ لِّلْعَبِيدِ ۝١٨٢

This punishment is for the misdeeds that your hands have sent before,” for Allāh is certainly not at all unjust to the servants: if He punishes them, it is based of His justice, and if He forgives them, it is out of His mercy.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:183

ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوٓا۟ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَهِدَ إِلَيْنَآ أَلَّا نُؤْمِنَ لِرَسُولٍ حَتَّىٰ يَأْتِيَنَا بِقُرْبَانٍۢ تَأْكُلُهُ ٱلنَّارُ ۗ قُلْ قَدْ جَآءَكُمْ رُسُلٌۭ مِّن قَبْلِى بِٱلْبَيِّنَٰتِ وَبِٱلَّذِى قُلْتُمْ فَلِمَ قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ صَٰدِقِينَ ۝١٨٣

These Jews are the ones who said, “Allāh has enjoined us not to believe in any messenger until he brings us an offering which is consumed by the fire from heaven.” Say, “What you are saying is just a way of avoiding the truth. Many messengers had indeed come to you before me with clear signs and with the miracle that you demand now, then why did you kill them if you are truthful in your claim that you will believe after I show you the sign?”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:184

فَإِن كَذَّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كُذِّبَ رُسُلٌۭ مِّن قَبْلِكَ جَآءُو بِٱلْبَيِّنَٰتِ وَٱلزُّبُرِ وَٱلْكِتَٰبِ ٱلْمُنِيرِ ۝١٨٤

O Muḥammad! Don't be surprised if they reject you because many of My messengers were rejected before you even though they had come with clear signs, scriptures and the illuminating book.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:185

كُلُّ نَفْسٍۢ ذَآئِقَةُ ٱلْمَوْتِ ۗ وَإِنَّمَا تُوَفَّوْنَ أُجُورَكُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ ۖ فَمَن زُحْزِحَ عَنِ ٱلنَّارِ وَأُدْخِلَ ٱلْجَنَّةَ فَقَدْ فَازَ ۗ وَمَا ٱلْحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنْيَآ إِلَّا مَتَٰعُ ٱلْغُرُورِ ۝١٨٥

Every soul shall taste death, and all of you shall be paid fully your rewards on the day of resurrection. So, whoever is removed far away from the Fire and is made to enter Paradise, then he has indeed succeeded. The worldly life is nothing but a deceitful enjoyment. It’s a place of test and trial for us; our success in the eternal life of the hereafter depends on how we conduct ourselves in this life.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:186

۞ لَتُبْلَوُنَّ فِىٓ أَمْوَٰلِكُمْ وَأَنفُسِكُمْ وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ وَمِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوٓا۟ أَذًۭى كَثِيرًۭا ۚ وَإِن تَصْبِرُوا۟ وَتَتَّقُوا۟ فَإِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ مِنْ عَزْمِ ٱلْأُمُورِ ۝١٨٦

So be aware that you shall certainly be tried (1) in your wealth (in giving charity and other dues), (2) in your persons (in sacrificing your comfort for fulfilling the religious duties), and (3) in your patience when you shall hear many annoying remarks from those who were given the Book before you (i.e., the Ahlu ‘l-Kitāb) and the polytheists. If you are patient and guard yourself against displeasing Allah, then you shall be successful, and surely patience and piety are matters of great resolve.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:187

وَإِذْ أَخَذَ ٱللَّهُ مِيثَٰقَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ لَتُبَيِّنُنَّهُۥ لِلنَّاسِ وَلَا تَكْتُمُونَهُۥ فَنَبَذُوهُ وَرَآءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ وَٱشْتَرَوْا۟ بِهِۦ ثَمَنًۭا قَلِيلًۭا ۖ فَبِئْسَ مَا يَشْتَرُونَ ۝١٨٧

And remember when Allāh made a covenant with the Ahlu ‘l-Kitāb about Muḥammad: “You should make it known to the people who come after you and do not conceal his forth-coming.” But they cast this covenant behind their backs and sold it at a low price— evil is what they were buying.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:188

لَا تَحْسَبَنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَفْرَحُونَ بِمَآ أَتَوا۟ وَّيُحِبُّونَ أَن يُحْمَدُوا۟ بِمَا لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا۟ فَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّهُم بِمَفَازَةٍۢ مِّنَ ٱلْعَذَابِ ۖ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌۭ ۝١٨٨

And O Muḥammad! Do not even think of those who rejoice for what they have done and love to be praised for what they have not done that they will escape the punishment. No, by no means think that they will be safe from the chastisement, and they shall have a painful chastisement.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:189

وَلِلَّهِ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ قَدِيرٌ ۝١٨٩

Allāh’s is the Kingdom of the heavens and the earth, and Allāh has power over all things.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

People of Intelligence

3:190

إِنَّ فِى خَلْقِ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَٱخْتِلَٰفِ ٱلَّيْلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ لََٔايَٰتٍۢ لِّأُو۟لِى ٱلْأَلْبَٰبِ ۝١٩٠

Surely in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of the night and the day, there are signs of Allāh’s knowledge, power and unity for the people of understanding minds.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:191

ٱلَّذِينَ يَذْكُرُونَ ٱللَّهَ قِيَٰمًۭا وَقُعُودًۭا وَعَلَىٰ جُنُوبِهِمْ وَيَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِى خَلْقِ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ رَبَّنَا مَا خَلَقْتَ هَٰذَا بَٰطِلًۭا سُبْحَٰنَكَ فَقِنَا عَذَابَ ٱلنَّارِ ۝١٩١

The intelligent ones are those who remember Allāh always whether they are standing, sitting or lying on their sides; they reflect on the creation of the heavens and the earth. As a result of their reflection, they pray: Our Lord! You have not created this universe in vain! Glory be to Thee, save us from the chastisement of the Fire.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:192

رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ مَن تُدْخِلِ ٱلنَّارَ فَقَدْ أَخْزَيْتَهُۥ ۖ وَمَا لِلظَّٰلِمِينَ مِنْ أَنصَارٍۢ ۝١٩٢

Our Lord! Surely whomsoever You place in the Fire, You have indeed brought him to disgrace, and there shall be no helpers for these unjust ones.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:193

رَّبَّنَآ إِنَّنَا سَمِعْنَا مُنَادِيًۭا يُنَادِى لِلْإِيمَٰنِ أَنْ ءَامِنُوا۟ بِرَبِّكُمْ فََٔامَنَّا ۚ رَبَّنَا فَٱغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا وَكَفِّرْ عَنَّا سَئَِّاتِنَا وَتَوَفَّنَا مَعَ ٱلْأَبْرَارِ ۝١٩٣

Our Lord! Surely we have heard a preacher, i.e. Prophet Muḥammad calling to the faith by saying, “Believe in your Lord,” so we believed. Our Lord! Forgive us our sins, grant remission to us of our evil deeds and make us die with the righteous people.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:194

رَبَّنَا وَءَاتِنَا مَا وَعَدتَّنَا عَلَىٰ رُسُلِكَ وَلَا تُخْزِنَا يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ ۗ إِنَّكَ لَا تُخْلِفُ ٱلْمِيعَادَ ۝١٩٤

Our Lord! Grant us what You have promised us through Your messengers, and do not disgrace us on the day of resurrection. You surely do not fail to fulfill the promise.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:195

فَٱسْتَجَابَ لَهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ أَنِّى لَآ أُضِيعُ عَمَلَ عَٰمِلٍۢ مِّنكُم مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنثَىٰ ۖ بَعْضُكُم مِّنۢ بَعْضٍۢ ۖ فَٱلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا۟ وَأُخْرِجُوا۟ مِن دِيَٰرِهِمْ وَأُوذُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِى وَقَٰتَلُوا۟ وَقُتِلُوا۟ لَأُكَفِّرَنَّ عَنْهُمْ سَئَِّاتِهِمْ وَلَأُدْخِلَنَّهُمْ جَنَّٰتٍۢ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ ثَوَابًۭا مِّنْ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عِندَهُۥ حُسْنُ ٱلثَّوَابِ ۝١٩٥

So their Lord accepted their prayers by saying, “I shall not waste the deeds of any good- doer among you, whether male or female—the one of you being from the other with same And those of you who emigrated from wrong beliefs were turned out of their houses because of their faith, were persecuted in My way, and who fought and were slain in My way—I shall most certainly grant remission to them of their evil deeds and I shall certainly admit them into the gardens beneath which rivers flow, this will be a reward from Allāh, and with Allāh is a yet better reward.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:196

لَا يَغُرَّنَّكَ تَقَلُّبُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ فِى ٱلْبِلَٰدِ ۝١٩٦

O Muslims! Don't let the free movement of the unbelievers in the cities and their power deceive you.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:197

مَتَٰعٌۭ قَلِيلٌۭ ثُمَّ مَأْوَىٰهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ ۚ وَبِئْسَ ٱلْمِهَادُ ۝١٩٧

This is a brief enjoyment for them in this world; then their abode is hell—evil is their eternal resting-place.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:198

لَٰكِنِ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَوْا۟ رَبَّهُمْ لَهُمْ جَنَّٰتٌۭ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا نُزُلًۭا مِّنْ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ ۗ وَمَا عِندَ ٱللَّهِ خَيْرٌۭ لِّلْأَبْرَارِ ۝١٩٨

Whereas those who guard themselves against displeasing their Lord, for them are gardens beneath which rivers flow; they shall remain in it forever—this is a gift from Allāh and what awaits the righteous people with Allāh is better.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:199

وَإِنَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لَمَن يُؤْمِنُ بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْهِمْ خَٰشِعِينَ لِلَّهِ لَا يَشْتَرُونَ بَِٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ ثَمَنًۭا قَلِيلًا ۗ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَرِيعُ ٱلْحِسَابِ ۝١٩٩

Surely among the Ahlu ’l-Kitāb there are those who believe in Allāh, in the Qur’ān which has been revealed to you and in the Book which was revealed to them; and they are humble to Allāh, they do not sell the revelations of Allāh at a low price like other people of the Book. They are the ones who have their reward with their Lord. Surely Allāh is quick in reckoning.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

3:200

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱصْبِرُوا۟ وَصَابِرُوا۟ وَرَابِطُوا۟ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ ۝٢٠٠

O you who believe! Be patient in fulfilling your duties individually, excel in patience while facing opposition as a community and take up your steadfast positions in such social challenges. Guard yourselves against displeasing Allāh so that you may be successful.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)