Ya ayyuha annabiyyulima tuharrimu ma ahalla Allahu lakatabtaghee mardata azwajika wallahughafoorun raheem
O Prophet! Why do you forbid for yourself what Allāh has made lawful for you, seeking to please your wives? They have conspired against you; however, if they regret and seek pardon, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)
O Prophet! Why do you disallow [yourself] what Allah has made lawful for you, seeking to please your wives? And Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful.Ali Quli Qarai
O Prophet, why do you prohibit [yourself from] what Allāh has made lawful for you, seeking the approval of your wives? And Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.Saheeh International
Although there are different views about the occasion for the revelation of this chapter, there is unanimity that it refers to the jealousy of Ḥafṣah bint ʿUmar and ʿĀ’ishah bint Abi Bakr, the Prophet’s wives, against his other wife, Zaynab bint Jaḥsh. They knew that whenever the Prophet visited Zaynab, she served him a drink made of honey (known as maghāfīr), and so they both conspired that whenever he came from her, they would say that his mouth was smelling bad. So when Ḥafṣah saw the Prophet coming from Zaynab, she told him that his mouth smelled bad. The Prophet swore not to drink the honey drink that Zaynab made for him. He also asked Ḥafṣah to keep the issue of his oath to herself and not divulge it to anyone. Ḥafṣah, however, divulged that to ʿĀ’ishah.
For various versions of the event, see aṭ-Ṭabāṭabā’i, al-Mizān fi Tafsīri ’l-Qur’ān, vol. 19 (Arabic) p. 391-395; Abu ’l-A‘lā Mawdūdī, Tafhīmu ’l-Qur’ān, vol. 6, p. 16-17; Fakhru ’d-Dīn ar-Rāzi, Mafātīḥu ’l-Ghayb, vol. 30. p. 37.
Qad farada Allahu lakum tahillataaymanikum wallahu mawlakum wahuwaalAAaleemu alhakeem
Indeed, Allāh has prescribed for you the dissolution of your oaths by paying an expiation; after all, Allāh is your Master, and He is All-knowing and the Wise.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)
Allah has certainly made lawful for you the dissolution of your oaths, and Allah is your master and He is the All-knowing, the All-wise.Ali Quli Qarai
Allāh has already ordained for you [Muslims] the dissolution of your oaths. And Allāh is your protector, and He is the Knowing, the Wise.Saheeh International
When the Prophet confided to one of his wives, Ḥafṣah, a confidential conversation regarding his oath, she betrayed his trust when she divulged it to ʿĀ’ishah. And Allāh apprised him about it; he made known a part of it (i.e., thetalk between two wives) to Ḥafṣah and avoided a part of it. So when he informed her about it, she said, “Who informed you of this?” He said, “Informed me, the All-Knowing God who is Aware of what His servants do.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)
When the Prophet confided a matter to one of his wives, but when she divulged it [instead of guarding the secret] and Allah apprised him about it, he acquainted [her] with part of the matter and ignored part of it. So when he told her about it, she said, ‘Who informed you about it?’ He said, ‘The All-knowing and the All-aware has informed me.’Ali Quli Qarai
And [remember] when the Prophet confided to one of his wives a statement; and when she informed [another] of it and Allāh showed it to him, he made known part of it and ignored a part. And when he informed her about it, she said, "Who told you this?" He said, "I was informed by the Knowing, the Aware."Saheeh International
In tatooba ila Allahifaqad saghat quloobukuma wa-in tathaharaAAalayhi fa-inna Allaha huwa mawlahu wajibreelu wasalihualmu/mineena walmala-ikatu baAAda thalika thaheer
If you two, O Ḥafṣah and ʿĀ’ishah, turn in repentance unto Allāh, that is better for indeed your hearts are inclined to hurt the Prophet. But if you two decide to back up each other against him, then be warned that verily Allāh is his Protector; and Jibraīl, the virtuous of the believers (ʿAli bin Abi Tālib), and the angels will thereafter back him up!S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)
If the two of you repent to Allah... for your hearts have certainly swerved, and if you back each other against him, then [know that] Allah is indeed his guardian, and his supporters are Gabriel, the righteous among the faithful and, thereafter, the angels.Ali Quli Qarai
If you two [wives] repent to Allāh, [it is best], for your hearts have deviated. But if you cooperate against him - then indeed Allāh is his protector, and Gabriel and the righteous of the believers and the angels, moreover, are [his] assistants.Saheeh International
See aṭ-Ṭabāṭabā’i, al-Mizān fi Tafsīri ’l-Qur’ān, vol. 19 (Arabic) p. 322 and al-Ḥaskānī, Shawāhidu ’t-Tanzīl, vol. 2, pp. 341-352.
If he (Muḥammad) divorces you, his Lord may replace for him with wives better than you who will be submissive, truly faithful, obedient, penitent after committing mistakes, devout in worship, those who fast, divorcees or widows and virgins.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)
It may be that if he divorces you his Lord will give him, in [your] stead, wives better than you: [such as are] muslim, faithful, obedient, penitent, devout and given to fasting, virgins and non-virgins.Ali Quli Qarai
Perhaps his Lord, if he divorced you [all], would substitute for him wives better than you - submitting [to Allāh], believing, devoutly obedient, repentant, worshipping, and traveling - [ones] previously married and virgins.Saheeh International
Remember that being “Prophet’s wife” is not sufficient; you should have good faith and character:
Ya ayyuha allatheena amanooqoo anfusakum waahleekum naran waqooduha annasuwalhijaratu AAalayha mala-ikatunghilathun shidadun la yaAAsoonaAllaha ma amarahum wayafAAaloona mayu/maroon
O you who believe! Save yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel is people and stones. There will be no escape from theHellfire since over it are guardian angels who are severe and strict; they do not disobey Allāh in what He has commanded them and, indeed, they do what they are commanded.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)
O you who have faith! Save yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel will be people and stones, over which are [assigned] severe and mighty angels, who do not disobey whatever Allah commands them and carry out what they are commanded.Ali Quli Qarai
O you who have believed, protect yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel is people and stones, over which are [appointed] angels, harsh and severe; they do not disobey Allāh in what He commands them but do what they are commanded.Saheeh International
After admonishing the Prophet’s wives, Allāh extends His advice to the believers in general. You don’t have to just provide for your wives and children but also care for their spiritual well-being and salvation in the Hereafter.
Ya ayyuha allatheenakafaroo la taAAtathiroo alyawma innamatujzawna ma kuntum taAAmaloon
O you who disbelieve! Do not make any excuses today as the time of repentance has elapsed;today, you will only be recompensed for what you used to do.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)
[They will call out to the faithless:] ‘O faithless ones! Do not make any excuses today. You are being requited only for what you used to do.’Ali Quli Qarai
O you who have disbelieved, make no excuses that Day. You will only be recompensed for what you used to do.Saheeh International
No escape will be possible on the Day of Judgement, nor will any excuse be accepted.
Ya ayyuha allatheena amanootooboo ila Allahi tawbatan nasoohanAAasa rabbukum an yukaffira AAankum sayyi-atikumwayudkhilakum jannatin tajree min tahtihaal-anharu yawma la yukhzee Allahu annabiyyawallatheena amanoo maAAahu nooruhum yasAAabayna aydeehim wabi-aymanihim yaqooloona rabbanaatmim lana noorana waghfir lanainnaka AAala kulli shay-in qadeer
O you who believe! Turn to Allāh with sincere repentance. Maybe your Lord will grant remission to you of your evil deeds and admit you into gardens beneath which rivers flow. On the Day when Allāh will not disgrace the Prophet. And those who believe with him: their light will move ahead of them and to their right side while they will say, “Our Lord! Perfect for us our light and forgive us! You surely have power over everything.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)
O you who have faith! Repent to Allah with sincere repentance! Maybe your Lord will absolve you of your misdeeds and admit you into gardens with streams running in them, on the day when Allah will not let down the Prophet and the faithful who are with him. Their light will move swiftly before them and on their right. They will say, ‘Our Lord! Perfect our light for us, and forgive us! Indeed You have power over all things.’Ali Quli Qarai
O you who have believed, repent to Allāh with sincere repentance. Perhaps your Lord will remove from you your misdeeds and admit you into gardens beneath which rivers flow [on] the Day when Allāh will not disgrace the Prophet and those who believed with him. Their light will proceed before them and on their right; they will say, "Our Lord, perfect for us our light and forgive us. Indeed, You are over all things competent."Saheeh International
The best way to save from Hellfire is to repent in this life.
Ya ayyuha annabiyyu jahidialkuffara walmunafiqeena waghluthAAalayhim wama/wahum jahannamu wabi/sa almaseer
O the Prophet! Fight against the unbelievers and hypocrites who are disparaging your image, and be severe with them. Their abode shall be Hell, and it is an evil destination.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)
O Prophet! Wage jihad against the faithless and the hypocrites, and be severe with them. Their refuge will be hell, and it is an evil destination.Ali Quli Qarai
O Prophet, strive against the disbelievers and the hypocrites and be harsh upon them. And their refuge is Hell, and wretched is the destination.Saheeh International
The enemies used the events about the Prophet’s wives to tarnish his image.
Allāh gives a parable of those who disbelieve, the wife of Nūḥ and the wife of Lūṭ: they both were under two of Our righteous servants, but they betrayed them in faith. However, they (i.e., the husbands) did not avail them of anything against Allāh; and it was said, “Enter both the Fire with those who enter it.” Being a Prophet’s wife without true faith and righteousness is useless.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)
Allah cites an example of the faithless: the wife of Noah and the wife of Lot. They were under two of our righteous servants, yet they betrayed them. So they did not avail them in any way against Allah, and it was said [to them], ‘Enter the Fire, along with those who enter [it].’Ali Quli Qarai
Allāh presents an example of those who disbelieved: the wife of Noah and the wife of Lot. They were under two of Our righteous servants but betrayed them, so they [i.e., those prophets] did not avail them from Allāh at all, and it was said, "Enter the Fire with those who enter."Saheeh International
In conclusion, this chapter gives examples of those tested by adverse spouses. The first example was of the Prophet Muḥammad and his wives. Here Allāh mentions three more examples.
Wadaraba Allahu mathalan lillatheenaamanoo imraata firAAawna ith qalat rabbiibni lee AAindaka baytan fee aljannati wanajjinee min firAAawnawaAAamalihi wanajjinee mina alqawmi aththalimeen
Allāh gives a parable of those who believe, the wife of Firʿawn, when her husband crucifiedher for believing in the true faith, she said, “My Lord! Build for me a house, in Your presence, in Paradise, and deliver me from Firʿawn and his doing, and deliver me from the unjust people.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)
Allah cites an example of the faithful: the wife of Pharaoh, when she said, ‘My Lord! Build me a home near You in paradise, and deliver me from Pharaoh and his conduct, and deliver me from the wrongdoing lot.’Ali Quli Qarai
And Allāh presents an example of those who believed: the wife of Pharaoh, when she said, "My Lord, build for me near You a house in Paradise and save me from Pharaoh and his deeds and save me from the wrongdoing people."Saheeh International
Another example of a righteous woman is Maryam, the daughter of ʿImrān, who guarded her chastity, so We breathed into her Our spirit (i.e., ʿIsa), and she testified to the truth of her Lord’s words and His scripture, and she was of the obedient ones.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)
And Mary, daughter of Imran, who guarded the chastity of her womb, so We breathed into it of Our spirit. She confirmed the words of her Lord and His Books, and she was one of the obedient.Ali Quli Qarai
And [the example of] Mary, the daughter of ʿImrān, who guarded her chastity, so We blew into [her garment] through Our angel [i.e., Gabriel], and she believed in the words of her Lord and His scriptures and was of the devoutly obedient.Saheeh International
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