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القمر Al-Qamar

The Moon 55 verses · Makkah

Topics 3
  1. The Splitting of the Moon
  2. Examples from Past Nations
  3. The Conclusion

بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

The Splitting of the Moon

54:1

ٱقْتَرَبَتِ ٱلسَّاعَةُ وَٱنشَقَّ ٱلْقَمَرُ ۝١

With the advent of the Last Prophet, the Hour of doom has drawn near. And the resurrection is not difficult, as seen when the moon has been split and rejoined.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:2

وَإِن يَرَوْا۟ ءَايَةًۭ يُعْرِضُوا۟ وَيَقُولُوا۟ سِحْرٌۭ مُّسْتَمِرٌّۭ ۝٢

And if they see a miracle, they turn away, saying, “This is his ongoing magic!”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

The elders of Mecca once came to the Prophet and challenged that if he was truly a Messenger of God, then he should show them a sign by splitting the moon. It was a full moon night. The Prophet asked: “Would you then believe?” They said, “Yes.” So the Prophet prayed to Allāh and pointed towards the moon – and lo behold, they saw the moon split. The elders of Quraysh were dumbfounded but still stubbornly refused to accept the sign:
There is unanimity among the Muslims on this miracle of shaqqu ’l-qamar (the splitting of the moon). The narrations attesting to this event in Shī‘a and Sunni sources reach to the level of tawātur (multiple reports from different narrators). See Aṭ-Ṭabāṭabā’ī, al-Mizān, vol. 19 (Arabic), p. 55-56; Shibli Nu‘māni, Sīratu ’n-Nabi, vol. 3, p. 311-314; Mawdūdi, Tafhīmu ’l-Qur’ān, vol. 5, p. 228-230.

54:3

وَكَذَّبُوا۟ وَٱتَّبَعُوٓا۟ أَهْوَآءَهُمْ ۚ وَكُلُّ أَمْرٍۢ مُّسْتَقِرٌّۭ ۝٣

They rejected it, and in the process, they followed their low desires, and every matter, good or evil, has its appropriate settling place.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:4

وَلَقَدْ جَآءَهُم مِّنَ ٱلْأَنۢبَآءِ مَا فِيهِ مُزْدَجَرٌ ۝٤

Certainly there have come to them reports about previous nations in this Qur’ān which contain admonishmentS. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:5

حِكْمَةٌۢ بَٰلِغَةٌۭ ۖ فَمَا تُغْنِ ٱلنُّذُرُ ۝٥

and convincing wisdom, but the warnings were not of any help against their stubbornness.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:6

فَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ ۘ يَوْمَ يَدْعُ ٱلدَّاعِ إِلَىٰ شَىْءٍۢ نُّكُرٍ ۝٦

So, O Muḥammad, turn away from them; and try to visualize the day when the Caller shall call them to a difficult state (i.e., the Judgement Day),S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:7

خُشَّعًا أَبْصَٰرُهُمْ يَخْرُجُونَ مِنَ ٱلْأَجْدَاثِ كَأَنَّهُمْ جَرَادٌۭ مُّنتَشِرٌۭ ۝٧

with their eyes cast down in humility, they shall be coming from the graves as if they were scattered locusts,S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:8

مُّهْطِعِينَ إِلَى ٱلدَّاعِ ۖ يَقُولُ ٱلْكَٰفِرُونَ هَٰذَا يَوْمٌ عَسِرٌۭ ۝٨

running to the Caller – these unbelievers shall say, “This is a hard day.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

Examples from Past Nations

54:9

۞ كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍۢ فَكَذَّبُوا۟ عَبْدَنَا وَقَالُوا۟ مَجْنُونٌۭ وَٱزْدُجِرَ ۝٩

Then Allāh gives the “reports which contain admonishment” of previous nations: The People of Nūḥ: The people of Nūḥ before them had rejected the message; so they rejected Our servant, Nūḥ, called him crazy, and he was pushed away.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:10

فَدَعَا رَبَّهُۥٓ أَنِّى مَغْلُوبٌۭ فَٱنتَصِرْ ۝١٠

Finally, he prayed to his Lord, “I have been overcome, so help me!”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:11

فَفَتَحْنَآ أَبْوَٰبَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ بِمَآءٍۢ مُّنْهَمِرٍۢ ۝١١

So We opened the gates of the sky with heavy rainS. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:12

وَفَجَّرْنَا ٱلْأَرْضَ عُيُونًۭا فَٱلْتَقَى ٱلْمَآءُ عَلَىٰٓ أَمْرٍۢ قَدْ قُدِرَ ۝١٢

and We made the earth open up with springs, so the water from the sky and the earth met together as per the measure ordained by God and drowned the deniers.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:13

وَحَمَلْنَٰهُ عَلَىٰ ذَاتِ أَلْوَٰحٍۢ وَدُسُرٍۢ ۝١٣

And as for Nūḥ, We bore him on the Ark made of planks held together by nails:S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:14

تَجْرِى بِأَعْيُنِنَا جَزَآءًۭ لِّمَن كَانَ كُفِرَ ۝١٤

sailing ‘before Our eyes’ as a compensation for one who was rejected.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:15

وَلَقَد تَّرَكْنَٰهَآ ءَايَةًۭ فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍۢ ۝١٥

We have certainly left it (i.e., the Ark) as a sign for posterity. So is there any who will be mindful?S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:16

فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِى وَنُذُرِ ۝١٦

So how then were My punishment and warnings?S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:17

وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا ٱلْقُرْءَانَ لِلذِّكْرِ فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍۢ ۝١٧

We certainly have made the Qur’ān easy for seeking admonishment and remembrance. So is there anyone who is mindful?S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:18

كَذَّبَتْ عَادٌۭ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِى وَنُذُرِ ۝١٨

The People of Hūd: ‘Ād also rejected the message of Hūd. So how then were My punishment and warnings?S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:19

إِنَّآ أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًۭا صَرْصَرًۭا فِى يَوْمِ نَحْسٍۢ مُّسْتَمِرٍّۢ ۝١٩

We indeed sent upon them a strong and cold wind in a day that was continuously ill-fated,S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:20

تَنزِعُ ٱلنَّاسَ كَأَنَّهُمْ أَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍۢ مُّنقَعِرٍۢ ۝٢٠

uprooting the people as if they were trunks of uprooted palm trees.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:21

فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِى وَنُذُرِ ۝٢١

So how then were My punishment and warnings?S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:22

وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا ٱلْقُرْءَانَ لِلذِّكْرِ فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍۢ ۝٢٢

We certainly have made the Qur’ān easy for seeking admonishment and remembrance. So is there anyone who is mindful?S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:23

كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِٱلنُّذُرِ ۝٢٣

The People of Ṣāliḥ: Thmūd also rejected the warnings and message sent through ṢāliḥS. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:24

فَقَالُوٓا۟ أَبَشَرًۭا مِّنَّا وَٰحِدًۭا نَّتَّبِعُهُۥٓ إِنَّآ إِذًۭا لَّفِى ضَلَٰلٍۢ وَسُعُرٍ ۝٢٤

and, so they said, “What, shall we follow a human from ourselves who is alone in his mission? If we do so, we would indeed be in error and insanity!S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:25

أَءُلْقِىَ ٱلذِّكْرُ عَلَيْهِ مِنۢ بَيْنِنَا بَلْ هُوَ كَذَّابٌ أَشِرٌۭ ۝٢٥

Has the Reminder (i.e., Divine revelation) been hastily sent down to him from among us?! Nay, rather he is a glory-seeking liar!”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:26

سَيَعْلَمُونَ غَدًۭا مَّنِ ٱلْكَذَّابُ ٱلْأَشِرُ ۝٢٦

Allāh responds to their rejection: Tomorrow, they shall know who is the glory-seeking liar.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:27

إِنَّا مُرْسِلُوا۟ ٱلنَّاقَةِ فِتْنَةًۭ لَّهُمْ فَٱرْتَقِبْهُمْ وَٱصْطَبِرْ ۝٢٧

We shall send the she-camel miracle as a trial for them; so, O Ṣāliḥ, watch them and be steadfast in the face of their opposition;S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:28

وَنَبِّئْهُمْ أَنَّ ٱلْمَآءَ قِسْمَةٌۢ بَيْنَهُمْ ۖ كُلُّ شِرْبٍۢ مُّحْتَضَرٌۭ ۝٢٨

and inform them that the water is to be divided between them and the she-camel: therefore, each occasion of drink will be attended by them alternatively.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:29

فَنَادَوْا۟ صَاحِبَهُمْ فَتَعَاطَىٰ فَعَقَرَ ۝٢٩

But they were bent on audacity, and they called their companion to kill the she-camel; he undertook the task and hamstrung her.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:30

فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِى وَنُذُرِ ۝٣٠

So how then were My punishment and warnings?S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:31

إِنَّآ أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ صَيْحَةًۭ وَٰحِدَةًۭ فَكَانُوا۟ كَهَشِيمِ ٱلْمُحْتَظِرِ ۝٣١

We indeed sent against them one sound, and they became like the dry fragments of plants of a pen builder.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:32

وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا ٱلْقُرْءَانَ لِلذِّكْرِ فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍۢ ۝٣٢

We certainly have made the Qur’ān easy for seeking admonishment and remembrance. So is there anyone who is mindful?S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:33

كَذَّبَتْ قَوْمُ لُوطٍۭ بِٱلنُّذُرِ ۝٣٣

The People of Lūṭ : The people of Lūṭ rejected the warnings.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:34

إِنَّآ أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ حَاصِبًا إِلَّآ ءَالَ لُوطٍۢ ۖ نَّجَّيْنَٰهُم بِسَحَرٍۢ ۝٣٤

Therefore, We unleashed a strong wind of pebbles upon them except the family of Lūṭ whom We delivered at dawnS. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:35

نِّعْمَةًۭ مِّنْ عِندِنَا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِى مَن شَكَرَ ۝٣٥

as a blessing from Us – thus do We reward one who gives thanks.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:36

وَلَقَدْ أَنذَرَهُم بَطْشَتَنَا فَتَمَارَوْا۟ بِٱلنُّذُرِ ۝٣٦

Lūṭ had certainly warned them of Our severe punishment, but they stubbornly argued against his warnings,S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:37

وَلَقَدْ رَٰوَدُوهُ عَن ضَيْفِهِۦ فَطَمَسْنَآ أَعْيُنَهُمْ فَذُوقُوا۟ عَذَابِى وَنُذُرِ ۝٣٧

and they certainly tried to persuade him to hand over his guests – so We blinded their eyes. and announced, “So taste My chastisement and warnings.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:38

وَلَقَدْ صَبَّحَهُم بُكْرَةً عَذَابٌۭ مُّسْتَقِرٌّۭ ۝٣٨

Indeed, in the early morning, a fully- engulfing punishment came upon them.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:39

فَذُوقُوا۟ عَذَابِى وَنُذُرِ ۝٣٩

So taste My chastisement and warnings.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:40

وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا ٱلْقُرْءَانَ لِلذِّكْرِ فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍۢ ۝٤٠

We certainly have made the Qur’ān easy for seeking admonishment and remembrance. So is there anyone who is mindful?S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:41

وَلَقَدْ جَآءَ ءَالَ فِرْعَوْنَ ٱلنُّذُرُ ۝٤١

The People of Fir‘awn: Certainly the warnings came to the people of Fir‘awn,S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:42

كَذَّبُوا۟ بَِٔايَٰتِنَا كُلِّهَا فَأَخَذْنَٰهُمْ أَخْذَ عَزِيزٍۢ مُّقْتَدِرٍ ۝٤٢

but they rejected Our signs, all of them! Therefore, We seized them with the seizing of One who is the Mighty, the Powerful.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

The Conclusion

54:43

أَكُفَّارُكُمْ خَيْرٌۭ مِّنْ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكُمْ أَمْ لَكُم بَرَآءَةٌۭ فِى ٱلزُّبُرِ ۝٤٣

After giving the examples of the past nations, Allāh addresses the people of Mecca: Are your unbelievers better than those mentioned earlier, or do you have an immunity given to you in the scriptures?!S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:44

أَمْ يَقُولُونَ نَحْنُ جَمِيعٌۭ مُّنتَصِرٌۭ ۝٤٤

Or do they say, “We are a group, helping one another”? Are they really united?S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:45

سَيُهْزَمُ ٱلْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ ٱلدُّبُرَ ۝٤٥

Well, soon, their group will be routed in a battle, and they will turn their backs and flee.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

This refers to the Battle of Badr which took place in 2 AH.

54:46

بَلِ ٱلسَّاعَةُ مَوْعِدُهُمْ وَٱلسَّاعَةُ أَدْهَىٰ وَأَمَرُّ ۝٤٦

Rather the Hour of Judgement is their promised time for compensation in the hereafter, and that hour shall indeed be most grievous and most bitter.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:47

إِنَّ ٱلْمُجْرِمِينَ فِى ضَلَٰلٍۢ وَسُعُرٍۢ ۝٤٧

On that day, verily the guilty people shall be in error and feeling insane;S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:48

يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِى ٱلنَّارِ عَلَىٰ وُجُوهِهِمْ ذُوقُوا۟ مَسَّ سَقَرَ ۝٤٨

the day when they shall be dragged upon their faces into the Fire: “Taste the touch of Hell.”S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:49

إِنَّا كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقْنَٰهُ بِقَدَرٍۢ ۝٤٩

If someone thinks that the punishment is disproportionate to the sin, then remember that We have created everything in proper measure; and We are decisive in what We do:S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:50

وَمَآ أَمْرُنَآ إِلَّا وَٰحِدَةٌۭ كَلَمْحٍۭ بِٱلْبَصَرِ ۝٥٠

Our Commandment is but one word, as the twinkling of an eye.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:51

وَلَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنَآ أَشْيَاعَكُمْ فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍۢ ۝٥١

We have certainly destroyed nations who were the likes of you. So is there anyone who will be admonished?S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:52

وَكُلُّ شَىْءٍۢ فَعَلُوهُ فِى ٱلزُّبُرِ ۝٥٢

And everything that they have done is recorded in the books,S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:53

وَكُلُّ صَغِيرٍۢ وَكَبِيرٍۢ مُّسْتَطَرٌ ۝٥٣

indeed every minor and major act is written down.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:54

إِنَّ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ فِى جَنَّٰتٍۢ وَنَهَرٍۢ ۝٥٤

Surely, the righteous shall be in gardens and rivers,S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)

54:55

فِى مَقْعَدِ صِدْقٍ عِندَ مَلِيكٍۢ مُّقْتَدِرٍۭ ۝٥٥

in the abode filled with truthfulness in the presence of an Omnipotent King.S. M. Rizvi (Explanatory)